Question 1

In the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, complex innovations are more difficult to communicate and understand and are, therefore, less likely to be adopted.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, complex...

Question 2

In the Diffusion of Innovation Theory, cost efficiency is desirable if its perceived benefits, both tangible and intangible, outweigh its perceived costs.

Accepted Answer

The Diffusion of Innovation Theory suggests that innovations are adopted when their perceived benefits outweigh their perceived costs, making cost efficiency a desirable factor in the adoption process.

Question 3

When using the Diffusion of Innovation Theory to promote systemic change within WIC, for example, it is important to talk about the relative benefits of the innovation (e.g., a decrease in iron deficiency anemia in children) rather than mandating use of a new system or process.

Accepted Answer

The Diffusion of Innovation Theory emphasizes voluntary adoption by highlighting the benefits of the innovation, which encourages acceptance and integration into existing practices.

Question 4

In the Stages of Change Model, Individuals in precontemplative stage have no intention of changing their behavior.

Accepted Answer

The precontemplative stage is characterized by individuals not recognizing the need for change or having no intention to change their behavior.

Question 5

In the Stages of Change Model, individuals in contemplative stage have the intention to change, but have no specific plans to change soon.

Accepted Answer

The contemplative stage is characterized by individuals recognizing the need for change and considering it, but they have not yet committed to taking action or making specific plans.

Question 6

In the Stages of Change Model, individuals in action stage have started to change their behavior, but the behavior change is fairly recent and may be inconsistent.

Accepted Answer

In the action stage, individuals have begun to implement behavior changes, but these changes are still new and may not yet be consistently maintained.

Question 7

In the Stages of Change Model, individuals in maintenance stage have maintained consistent behavior change for a long time. The newly acquired behavior has become a part of their lives.

Accepted Answer

The maintenance stage in the Stages of Change Model involves individuals who have sustained their behavior change for a significant period and have integrated it into their lifestyle.

Question 8

PRECEDE-PROCEED is an acronym for the components of the model. PRECEDE stands for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational/Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation.

Accepted Answer

The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a planning framework that includes the components mentioned, with PRECEDE standing for Predisposing, Reinforcing, and Enabling Constructs in Educational/Environmental Diagnosis and Evaluation.

Question 9

Research suggests that some types of knowledge are more motivating than others. Rogers refers to "awareness" knowledge as the kind that captures people's attention, increases awareness, and enhances motivation, whereas "how-to" knowledge is the kind people need when they are already motivated.

Accepted Answer

Rogers' diffusion of innovations theory distinguishes between "awareness" knowledge, which sparks interest and motivation, and "how-to" knowledge, which is practical and needed once motivation is established.

Question 10

List the six Stages of Change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the six Stages of Change....

Question 11

When concepts and constructs are related to each other and purposely combined to form a unit, the resulting entity may be labeled a _____________ model, or a theory.

Accepted Answer

A framework is a structured approach that combines concepts and constructs to form a cohesive unit, often used to guide research or practice.

Question 12

A __________ is a construct that accounts for or organizes events, and it provide nutritionists with different lenses through which to see situations; each lens provides a different view and understanding.

Accepted Answer

A theory is a construct that accounts for or organizes events and provides different perspectives or lenses to understand situations, which is applicable in the context of nutritionists analyzing various scenarios.

Question 13

Which of the following emphasizes perceived threat as a motivating force and perceived benefits (fewer barriers) as a preferred path to action?

Accepted Answer

The Health Belief Model emphasizes perceived threat as a motivating force and perceived benefits (fewer barriers) as a preferred path to action, focusing on individuals' beliefs about health conditions.

Question 14

Which of the following stresses that a gain in new knowledge leads to changes in attitude, which, in turn, result in improved dietary behavior or practices?

Accepted Answer

The Knowledge-Attitude-Behavior Model suggests that gaining new knowledge leads to changes in attitude, which in turn result in improved dietary behavior or practices.

Question 15

Emphasizing the interactive nature of the effects of cognitive and other personal factors and environmental events on behavior, the three major constructs/concepts in which of the following are behavioral capacity, efficacy expectations, and outcome expectations?

Accepted Answer

Social Learning Theory emphasizes the interaction between cognitive factors, personal factors, and environmental events, and includes constructs like behavioral capacity, efficacy expectations, and outcome expectations.

Question 16

Which of the following is a highly specific theory outlining cognitive and attitudinal determinants of behavior in which attitudes and subjective norms determine an individual's intentions, which are foretelling of behavior, and that behavior is likely to follow the stated intentions when there is a shorter time span between intentions and behavior?

Accepted Answer

The Theory of Reasoned Action is a specific theory that explains how attitudes and subjective norms influence intentions, which in turn predict behavior, especially when the time between intention and behavior is short.

Question 17

Which of the following examines the process in which an innovative idea or practice achieves acceptance, and behavior change in specific cultural groups or populations may be seen as the adoption of an innovative behavior?

Accepted Answer

Diffusion of Innovation Theory examines how an innovative idea or practice spreads and is adopted within a specific cultural group or population, leading to behavior change.

Question 18

According to which conceptual model is the health behavior change process gradual, continuous, and dynamic; people do not immediately change from old to new behaviors; instead, they progress through a sequence of five discrete states?

Accepted Answer

The Transtheoretical Stages of Change Model is a conceptual model that describes the process of health behavior change as gradual, continuous, and dynamic. People do not immediately change from old to new behaviors; instead, they progress through a sequence of five discrete states: precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

Question 19

Which of the following is the use of marketing concepts and tools to increase the acceptability of social ideas or practices that employs a consumer orientation, audience analysis and segmentation, and aspects of exchange theory in seeking to increase the acceptability of a behavior in a target group?

Accepted Answer

Social Marketing Theory uses marketing principles to promote social ideas and practices, focusing on consumer orientation, audience analysis, segmentation, and exchange theory to influence behavior in a target group.

Question 20

PRECEDE-PROCEED model provides a comprehensive guide to planning and implementing health promotion activities in:

Accepted Answer

The PRECEDE-PROCEED model is a comprehensive framework for planning and implementing health promotion activities. It consists of nine phases: social assessment, epidemiological assessment, behavioral and environmental assessment, educational and ecological diagnosis, administrative and policy diagnosis, implementation, process evaluation, impact evaluation, and outcome evaluation.

Quiz 13: Theories and Models for Health Promotion and Changing Nutrition Behavior