Question 1

Which of the following would help ensure that a patient receives the maximal effects of the DTaP vaccine?

Accepted Answer

B

Question 2

What advice would you give to a female who has just received the rubella vaccine?

Accepted Answer

The rubella vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine, and it is recommended to avoid pregnancy for at least 3 months after vaccination to prevent any potential risk to the fetus, as rubella can cause congenital rubella syndrome if contracted during pregnancy.

Question 3

As a pediatric nurse, what action should you take if an infant is born to a mother who tests positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen?

Accepted Answer

Administering the hepatitis B vaccine to the infant within 12 hours of birth is the recommended action for a newborn whose mother tests positive for the hepatitis B surface antigen. This is crucial to prevent the transmission of hepatitis B from mother to child.

Question 4

What education should you provide to the parents of an infant who received the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine concomitantly with the DTaP vaccine?

Accepted Answer

The trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine, when given concomitantly with the DTaP vaccine, can increase the risk of febrile seizures in children. This is a known potential side effect when these vaccines are administered together, especially in young children.

Question 5

What action would you take if a child is scheduled to receive vaccinations and presents with an ear infection?

Accepted Answer

Mild illnesses, such as a cold or an ear infection, do not contraindicate vaccination. Vaccines can still be administered to children with minor illnesses without the need to postpone.

Question 6

A child with a recent history of a respiratory infection now presents with redness, swelling, and a watery discharge in the eyes. Based on this presentation, what medical condition should be suspected?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of redness, swelling, and watery discharge in the eyes following a respiratory infection are indicative of viral conjunctivitis, often caused by adenoviruses.

Question 7

A young child presents with foreign body-related conjunctivitis. For what other medical condition should this child be evaluated?

Accepted Answer

Foreign body-related conjunctivitis can often be associated with or lead to corneal abrasions due to the foreign body irritating or scratching the cornea.

Question 8

What education should be provided to the parents of an immunodeficient child who has developed fifth disease?

Accepted Answer

Fifth disease, caused by Parvovirus B19, typically leads to the development of immunity after infection in healthy individuals. However, in immunodeficient children, the ability to develop full immunity may be compromised, making them susceptible to reinfection. Corticosteroids and antibiotics are not standard preventive treatments for reinfection of fifth disease.

Question 9

As a pediatric nurse, what action should be taken if an infant who was recently hospitalized develops impetigo?

Accepted Answer

The answer of As a pediatric nurse, what action should...

Question 10

An infant presents with perioral or perinasal vesicles that have formed a yellow crust. As a pediatric nurse, you should realize that this is a classic presentation of which medical condition?

Accepted Answer

Bullous impetigo is a bacterial skin infection that causes blisters to form on the skin. The blisters are typically filled with pus and can be painful. Bullous impetigo is most commonly caused by the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus pyogenes. The infection is spread through contact with infected skin or objects.

Quiz 26: Infection and Communicable Diseases in Childhood