Question 1

The World Health Organization defines the term ________ as "the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health."

Accepted Answer

The correct term is "health promotion," as it encompasses the actions and policies to empower individuals and communities to make healthier choices and improve their well-being.

Question 2

The transtheoretical model of behaviour change ________.

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

During its development, the initial finding of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change was that ________.

Accepted Answer

The transtheoretical model of behavior change, developed by Prochaska and DiClemente, posits that behavior change is a process that occurs in stages, including precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance.

Question 4

One of the processes described by the transtheoretical model of behaviour change is called "consciousness-raising," which is most appropriately defined as increasing awareness about ________.

Accepted Answer

Consciousness-raising in the transtheoretical model of behavior change involves increasing awareness about the causes, consequences, and cures for a specific behavioral habit, encompassing all the aspects mentioned in the options.

Question 5

Decisional balance refers to weighing the pros and cons of ________.

Accepted Answer

Decisional balance involves evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of making a change, which is a key concept in motivational interviewing and the Transtheoretical Model of Change.

Question 6

The initial group investigated at the start of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change was ________.

Accepted Answer

The transtheoretical model of behavior change, also known as the stages of change model, was initially developed through studies involving smokers. James O. Prochaska and Carlo C. DiClemente were the psychologists who formulated this model in the late 1970s and early 1980s, focusing on understanding how people change addictive behaviors, starting with smoking cessation.

Question 7

________ of a population at risk is usually prepared to take action for change.

Accepted Answer

Less than 20 per cent of a population at risk is usually prepared to take action for change, reflecting the challenges in motivating individuals to adopt healthier or safer behaviors.

Question 8

________ is the first stage of change in the transtheoretical model of behaviour change.

Accepted Answer

Precontemplation is the first stage in the transtheoretical model of behavior change, where individuals are not yet considering change or are unaware of their need to change.

Question 9

In the first stage of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change, people are often not ________.

Accepted Answer

In the first stage, known as the precontemplation stage, individuals are not yet considering change and are not eager to start changing their behavior.

Question 10

________ is the main feature that characterizes the second stage of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ is the main feature that characterizes...

Question 11

________ is not one of the defining features of the third stage of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change.

Accepted Answer

The third stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change is the Preparation stage. In this stage, individuals intend to take action in the immediate future, have already taken some steps towards change, and have a plan of action. Profound ambivalence is more characteristic of the earlier stage, Contemplation, where individuals are undecided about changing.

Question 12

________ is the fourth stage of change in the transtheoretical model of behaviour change.

Accepted Answer

The fourth stage of change in the transtheoretical model of behavior change is the Action stage, where individuals actively modify their behavior, experiences, or environment to overcome their problems.

Question 13

________ is the defining feature of the fourth stage of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change.

Accepted Answer

The fourth stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change is the "Action" stage, characterized by individuals having made observable changes in their behavior.

Question 14

In the action stage of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change, ________ is considered an acceptable action towards smoking cessation.

Accepted Answer

In the action stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change, both switching to low-tar, low-nicotine cigarettes and reducing the number of cigarettes smoked are considered acceptable actions towards smoking cessation. This stage involves individuals making active modifications to their smoking habits to achieve cessation.

Question 15

During the ________ stage of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change, people are less tempted to relapse and grow increasingly confident that they can continue their changes.

Accepted Answer

In the Maintenance stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change, individuals have made significant changes in their behavior and are focused on maintaining these changes to prevent relapse. They are more confident in their ability to continue their new behavior long-term.

Question 16

________ is the fifth stage of change in the transtheoretical model of behaviour change.

Accepted Answer

The fifth stage of change in the transtheoretical model of behavior change is Maintenance, where individuals work to sustain the behavior change over time and prevent relapse.

Question 17

________ is, in a sense, a sixth stage of the transtheoretical model of behaviour change, when people are not tempted and have total self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

Termination is considered a stage in the transtheoretical model of behavior change where the individual has completely overcome the behavior in question and no longer experiences temptation, indicating full self-efficacy.

Question 18

________ is a process of change that combines both cognitive and affective assessments of one's self-image with and without a particular unhealthy habit.

Accepted Answer

Self-reevaluation is a cognitive-affective process where individuals assess themselves with and without their unhealthy habits, often leading to a realization of the need for change.

Question 19

According to the transtheoretical model of behaviour change, the best definition of "counter conditioning" is ________.

Accepted Answer

Counter conditioning involves learning new, healthier behaviors to replace old, unhealthy ones, according to the transtheoretical model of behavior change.

Question 20

________ is the situation-specific confidence that people have while coping with high-risk situations without relapsing into their unhealthy habit.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy refers to an individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. It reflects confidence in the ability to exert control over one's own motivation, behavior, and social environment. In the context of coping with high-risk situations without relapsing into unhealthy habits, self-efficacy specifically pertains to the belief in one's ability to manage challenging situations effectively without reverting to previous negative behaviors.

Quiz 5: Prevention of Illness and Health-Promotion Intervention