Question 1

The ______ theorizes that police react to criticism of widely publicized and controversial incidents involving the use of force against minority citizens by disengaging from vigorous enforcement activities.

Accepted Answer

The Ferguson effect theorizes that police may reduce their proactive policing efforts following significant public scrutiny and criticism, particularly after incidents that receive widespread attention involving the use of force against minority citizens. This term originated from the response to the 2014 shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Missouri, and the subsequent public and media reaction.

Question 2

Law enforcement agencies need to do all of the following EXCEPT for ______.

Accepted Answer

Law enforcement agencies are expected to maintain transparency to build trust and accountability with the communities they serve. Ensuring their own privacy and rights at the expense of transparency contradicts the principles of public accountability and openness that are essential for effective policing.

Question 3

The 2014 Task Force on 21st Century Policing noted the need for police departments to make clear to the public they serve their policies regarding all of the following EXCEPT for ______.

Accepted Answer

The Task Force on 21st Century Policing emphasized transparency in policies related to use of force, handling mass demonstrations, and racial profiling, but did not specifically highlight the need for policies on handling language barriers.

Question 4

Some observers believe the new technology in today's society is a double-edged sword-it will ______ and at the same time assist police in fighting crime.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is A) create new forms of crime because the sentence suggests that the new technology has both positive and negative effects: it assists police in fighting crime (positive) and creates new forms of crime (negative), fitting the idea of a "double-edged sword."

Question 5

Recent studies have shown that ______ tended to view technology and analysis more favorably than others in the field.

Accepted Answer

Higher ranking commanders often have a broader perspective on the strategic benefits of technology and analysis, recognizing their potential to improve efficiency and effectiveness in operations.

Question 6

All of the following were identified as policing strategies that will continue through the 21st century EXCEPT for ______.

Accepted Answer

Militarization is not typically identified as a policing strategy that will continue through the 21st century, as it often refers to the use of military equipment and tactics by police forces, which is a controversial approach rather than a strategic policing model like the others listed.

Question 7

Patrol officers will remain the backbone of policing at the ______ level.

Accepted Answer

Patrol officers primarily operate at the local level, providing direct, community-based policing services and responding to incidents within specific municipalities or regions.

Question 8

______ stresses the coproduction of public safety.

Accepted Answer

Community-oriented policing emphasizes the partnership between the police force and the community, stressing the importance of working together to enhance public safety. This approach focuses on building trust and cooperation between the police and community members to prevent crime and solve community problems.

Question 9

The Task Force on 21st Century Policing made a special point of naming the protection of ______, especially for children and youth at risk of crime and violence.

Accepted Answer

The Task Force on 21st Century Policing emphasized the protection of dignity, especially for children and youth at risk of crime and violence, as a key component of their recommendations to improve police-community relations.

Question 10

The threat posed by economic crises means that many police departments will no longer be able to ______, which could ultimately help reduce crime and violence.

Accepted Answer

Assigning additional patrols and specialized units to hot spots is a direct method of addressing crime and violence, which could be hindered by economic crises impacting police department budgets.

Question 11

The 2014 Task Force called for which of the following regarding how the police handle juveniles?

Accepted Answer

The 2014 Task Force recommended an expanded role in youth development for the police, aiming to foster better relationships between law enforcement and young people, and to address issues leading to juvenile delinquency proactively.

Question 12

Most people living in crime-prone areas are actually ______.

Accepted Answer

Most people living in crime-prone areas are actually victims of crime rather than perpetrators. This highlights the issue of victimization in areas with high crime rates.

Question 13

______ policing is a model that involves using data and analysis to predict future police problems and implement strategies to resolve problems.

Accepted Answer

Predictive policing specifically refers to the use of data and analysis to anticipate and prevent future criminal activity. This approach involves analyzing patterns and trends to predict where crimes are likely to occur.

Question 14

______ policing models in the future will likely include integrated sensor and information systems to protect critical public spaces.

Accepted Answer

Predictive policing models utilize integrated sensor and information systems to analyze data and predict where crimes are likely to occur, thereby protecting critical public spaces more effectively.

Question 15

The concept of ______ builds on and melds parts of community policing, intelligence-led policing, and hot-spot policing.

Accepted Answer

Predictive policing integrates aspects of community policing, intelligence-led policing, and hot-spot policing by using data analysis and technology to anticipate, prevent, and respond more effectively to future crimes.

Question 16

Predictive policing models in the future will likely include all of the following EXCEPT for ______.

Accepted Answer

Predictive policing models focus on using data analysis techniques such as statistical analysis, crime prediction models, and geospatial tools to forecast and understand crime trends. Intelligence surveillance tools like drones are more about real-time surveillance and monitoring rather than predictive modeling.

Question 17

All of the following statements regarding predictive policing are true EXCEPT for ______.

Accepted Answer

Predictive policing relies on data and algorithms to forecast where crimes are likely to occur, which necessitates the development and adherence to standards and best practices to ensure effectiveness and fairness.

Question 18

______ in rural areas is becoming an increasingly expensive proposition as standards for police officers improve and also as gangs and predatory criminals become more mobile and recognize that small-city and small-town police are ill prepared to deal with either swift hit-and-run crimes or more long-term invasions.

Accepted Answer

Policing in rural areas is becoming more expensive due to the need for improved standards for police officers and the mobility of gangs and criminals who exploit the limitations of small-city and small-town police forces.

Question 19

The decrease in sworn personnel in some police departments and a lack of qualified applicants in others has resulted in the hiring of more ______ to assist sworn personnel with nonenforcement types of tasks.

Accepted Answer

The correct answer is civilians because they are hired to assist sworn personnel with nonenforcement types of tasks, which does not require them to have the authority to enforce laws but rather to support the police department in other capacities.

Question 20

All of the following are examples of civilianization EXCEPT for ______.

Accepted Answer

Civilianization refers to the process of transferring tasks traditionally performed by police officers to civilian employees or volunteers. Personnel security typically involves background checks, security clearances, and ensuring the safety of employees within an organization, which is a function often handled by specialized security personnel rather than police officers. Neighborhood watch groups, school monitors, and crime prevention patrols are all examples of community-based efforts to assist in safety and security, aligning more closely with the concept of civilianization.

Quiz 16: The Future of Policing in America