Question 1

Both behaviorism and idealism rejected the possibility of human agency, the idea that individuals could consciously control their thoughts and actions in some meaningful and useful way.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both behaviorism and idealism rejected the possibility...

Question 2

Social constructionism argues that people maintain significant control over their cultures.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social constructionism argues that people maintain significant...

Question 3

Almost all culture-centered theories share the underlying assumption that our experience of reality is an ongoing social construction in which we have some responsibility, not something that is sent, delivered, or otherwise transmitted by some authority or elite.

Accepted Answer

Culture-centered theories generally posit that our understanding and experience of reality are shaped through social interactions and cultural narratives, rather than being dictated by an authoritative or elite group. This perspective emphasizes the role of individuals and communities in constructing their own realities through shared meanings and practices.

Question 4

According to social constructionism, artificial signs enable us to quickly classify objects and actions we observe and then quickly and routinely structure our own actions in response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to social constructionism, artificial signs enable...

Question 5

Sociologist Erving Goffman developed symbolic interactionism to provide a systematic account of how we develop and use expectations to make sense of everyday life situations and the people in them.

Accepted Answer

Erving Goffman is best known for his work on dramaturgical analysis and the presentation of self in everyday life, not for developing symbolic interactionism. Symbolic interactionism was developed by sociologists like George Herbert Mead and Herbert Blumer.

Question 6

According to frame analysis, when your playful wrestling with your sibling turns serious, you have downshifted your frame of the situation.

Accepted Answer

Frame analysis involves understanding how individuals interpret situations. A downshift occurs when the perception of the situation changes from a less serious to a more serious frame.

Question 7

According to frame analysis, Goffman people work so hard maintaining their sense of continuity in their experience that they rarely make framing mistakes.

Accepted Answer

Goffman's frame analysis suggests that while people do work to maintain a sense of continuity in their experiences, they can and do make framing mistakes. These errors can lead to misunderstandings, miscommunications, or the need to adjust frames to align with the social context.

Question 8

According to Irving Goffman, advertising offers hyperritualized representations of social action.

Accepted Answer

Erving Goffman analyzed advertisements as hyperritualized representations of everyday life, suggesting that they amplify and idealize social roles and interactions.

Question 9

Journalists, because of the power of mass media, sit atop the framing hierarchy in the cascading activation model of framing.

Accepted Answer

In the cascading activation model of framing, political elites, not journalists, sit atop the framing hierarchy, as they have the most influence over how issues are framed in the media.

Question 10

Both postpositivist and critical cultural framing research provide a pessimistic assessment of news and the role journalism plays in society.

Accepted Answer

Both postpositivist and critical cultural framing research argue that news and journalism often fail to provide an accurate and objective representation of reality, and that they can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and biases.

Quiz 13: Media and Culture Theories: Meaning Making in the Social World