Question 1

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function:
-_____activation of the quadriceps muscles when your knee bends when walking

Accepted Answer

The quadriceps stretch reflex is responsible for the activation of the quadriceps muscles when your knee bends while walking. This reflex helps in maintaining posture and balance during movement.

Question 2

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function:
-_____prevents irritants from entering the eye and spreads tears

Accepted Answer

The eye blink reflex is a protective mechanism that prevents irritants from entering the eye and also helps in spreading tears across the eye surface to keep it moist.

Question 3

Refer to Figure 10.11, In the text if the wire was attached to the right hand and the cup held in the left hand during this postural reflex experiment, what would you expect to be true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Refer to Figure 10.11, In the text...

Question 4

How would a person's reflexes be altered if they suffered a loss of function their vestibular apparatus?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How would a person's reflexes be altered...

Question 5

Describe the stabilizing reflexes of the head and body that you employ when turning your car around a tight corner.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the stabilizing reflexes of the head...

Question 6

The rhythmic patterns of neural activity that are created by the molecular activity of single cells or interactions of multiple neurons are called _______________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The rhythmic patterns of neural activity that...

Question 7

In order for a CPG to utilize a half-center oscillator it must contain a minimum of __________ set(s) of inhibitory neurons that response to (a) ________ excitatory input(s).

Accepted Answer

A half-center oscillator requires two sets of inhibitory neurons that respond to a single excitatory input.

Question 8

The rhythmic depolarization and hyperpolarization of a lamprey's spinal column persists even in the presence of TTX. How does this support the central pattern generator hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

The presence of TTX (tetrodotoxin) blocks sodium channels, preventing action potentials from occurring between neurons. The fact that rhythmic depolarization and hyperpolarization continue despite this blockade supports the central pattern generator hypothesis, which posits that networks of neurons can generate rhythmic patterns of output without requiring sensory feedback or input from higher brain regions. This indicates that the pattern generation is intrinsic to the spinal cord's neural circuits themselves.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about a half-center oscillator?

Accepted Answer

A half-center oscillator generates rhythmic output through reciprocal inhibition, where two neurons or groups of neurons inhibit each other, leading to an alternating activity pattern.

Question 10

The image above showing neural activity in four electrodes placed opposite each other, 1 across from 3 and 2 across from 4, in sequence in a spinal cord. Which of the following can be derived from this data?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  The image above showing neural activity...

Question 11

When experimenters induced fictive swimming in dogfish, they observed that the rhythm of the fictive swimming could be synchronized to the rhythm of mechanical movements of the tail. What is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

This is an example of entrainment, which refers to the synchronization of an organism's internal biological rhythm to an external rhythm. In this case, the dogfish's fictive swimming rhythm synchronizes with the mechanical movements of the tail.

Question 12

Compare and contrast the CPG for swimming in lampreys to the CPG for walking in quadrupeds?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast the CPG for swimming...

Question 13

Which of the following are necessary before an experiment using live, vertebrate animals can be conducted in a lab that receives money from the NIH?

Accepted Answer

All of the conditions listed are necessary for a lab that receives NIH funding to conduct experiments on live, vertebrate animals. The Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) plays a central role in overseeing the animal welfare aspects of research, including approving procedures and ensuring proper veterinary care and the minimization of discomfort, distress, and pain to the animals.

Question 14

What animal is utilized in the greatest numbers in laboratory research?

Accepted Answer

Mice are the most utilized animals in laboratory research due to their genetic similarity to humans, their short life cycle, and their ease of maintenance and breeding in laboratory conditions.

Question 15

How might you determine if walking involves a central pattern generator or a chain of sensorimotor reflexes in an IACCUC-approved species not already discussed in the chapter?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How might you determine if walking involves...

Question 16

All of the following are part of the motor cortex in primates, except

Accepted Answer

The corpus callosum is not part of the motor cortex; it is a large band of neural fibers that connects the two hemispheres of the brain, facilitating interhemispheric communication, rather than directly involved in motor control like the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, and supplementary motor area.

Question 17

Which of the following is a true statement about the projections of the motor cortex?

Accepted Answer

The motor cortex is involved in planning, controlling, and executing voluntary movements, including those required for speech.

Question 18

Which of the following might be symptoms of a lesion to the right motor cortex?

Accepted Answer

The motor cortex is responsible for controlling voluntary movements on the opposite side of the body. A lesion in the right motor cortex would therefore affect movement on the left side of the body, making A the correct choice.

Question 19

When Hughlings Jackson observed an epileptic seizure that started with curling of the toes and contortion of the ankles while recording neural activity on the motor cortex, he likely observed motor cortex activity in motor cortex areas that were ____________to each other.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When Hughlings Jackson observed an epileptic seizure...

Question 20

According to Penfield's motor homunculus, which body parts receive the most neural input from the motor cortex.

Accepted Answer

The motor homunculus is a visual representation of the body parts within the brain, showing how much motor cortex is devoted to each part. The head and face receive a disproportionately large amount of neural input, reflecting the complexity and precision of movements required by these areas.

Quiz 10: Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function: -_____activation of the quadriceps muscles when your knee bends when walking

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function: -_____prevents irritants from entering the eye and spreads tears

Refer to Figure 10.11, In the text if the wire was attached to the right hand and the cup held in the left hand during this postural reflex experiment, what would you expect to be true?

How would a person's reflexes be altered if they suffered a loss of function their vestibular apparatus?

Describe the stabilizing reflexes of the head and body that you employ when turning your car around a tight corner.

The rhythmic patterns of neural activity that are created by the molecular activity of single cells or interactions of multiple neurons are called _______________.

In order for a CPG to utilize a half-center oscillator it must contain a minimum of __ set(s) of inhibitory neurons that response to (a) excitatory input(s) .

The rhythmic depolarization and hyperpolarization of a lamprey's spinal column persists even in the presence of TTX. How does this support the central pattern generator hypothesis?

Which of the following is true about a half-center oscillator?

The image above showing neural activity in four electrodes placed opposite each other, 1 across from 3 and 2 across from 4, in sequence in a spinal cord. Which of the following can be derived from this data?

When experimenters induced fictive swimming in dogfish, they observed that the rhythm of the fictive swimming could be synchronized to the rhythm of mechanical movements of the tail. What is this an example of?

Compare and contrast the CPG for swimming in lampreys to the CPG for walking in quadrupeds?

Which of the following are necessary before an experiment using live, vertebrate animals can be conducted in a lab that receives money from the NIH?

What animal is utilized in the greatest numbers in laboratory research?

How might you determine if walking involves a central pattern generator or a chain of sensorimotor reflexes in an IACCUC-approved species not already discussed in the chapter?

All of the following are part of the motor cortex in primates, except

Which of the following is a true statement about the projections of the motor cortex?

Which of the following might be symptoms of a lesion to the right motor cortex?

When Hughlings Jackson observed an epileptic seizure that started with curling of the toes and contortion of the ankles while recording neural activity on the motor cortex, he likely observed motor cortex activity in motor cortex areas that were ____________to each other.

According to Penfield's motor homunculus, which body parts receive the most neural input from the motor cortex.

Quiz 10: Controlling Posture and Locomotion

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function: -_____activation of the quadriceps muscles when your knee bends when walking

Match each reflex with it's appropriate function: -_____prevents irritants from entering the eye and spreads tears

Refer to Figure 10.11, In the text if the wire was attached to the right hand and the cup held in the left hand during this postural reflex experiment, what would you expect to be true?

How would a person's reflexes be altered if they suffered a loss of function their vestibular apparatus?

Describe the stabilizing reflexes of the head and body that you employ when turning your car around a tight corner.

The rhythmic patterns of neural activity that are created by the molecular activity of single cells or interactions of multiple neurons are called _______________.

In order for a CPG to utilize a half-center oscillator it must contain a minimum of __________ set(s) of inhibitory neurons that response to (a) ________ excitatory input(s) .

The rhythmic depolarization and hyperpolarization of a lamprey's spinal column persists even in the presence of TTX. How does this support the central pattern generator hypothesis?

Which of the following is true about a half-center oscillator?

The image above showing neural activity in four electrodes placed opposite each other, 1 across from 3 and 2 across from 4, in sequence in a spinal cord. Which of the following can be derived from this data?

When experimenters induced fictive swimming in dogfish, they observed that the rhythm of the fictive swimming could be synchronized to the rhythm of mechanical movements of the tail. What is this an example of?

Compare and contrast the CPG for swimming in lampreys to the CPG for walking in quadrupeds?

Which of the following are necessary before an experiment using live, vertebrate animals can be conducted in a lab that receives money from the NIH?

What animal is utilized in the greatest numbers in laboratory research?

How might you determine if walking involves a central pattern generator or a chain of sensorimotor reflexes in an IACCUC-approved species not already discussed in the chapter?

All of the following are part of the motor cortex in primates, except

Which of the following is a true statement about the projections of the motor cortex?

Which of the following might be symptoms of a lesion to the right motor cortex?

When Hughlings Jackson observed an epileptic seizure that started with curling of the toes and contortion of the ankles while recording neural activity on the motor cortex, he likely observed motor cortex activity in motor cortex areas that were ____________to each other.

According to Penfield's motor homunculus, which body parts receive the most neural input from the motor cortex.

In order for a CPG to utilize a half-center oscillator it must contain a minimum of __ set(s) of inhibitory neurons that response to (a) excitatory input(s) .