Question 1

Explain the importance to human learning of Kohler's and Tolman' research, and provide an example of how you might use insight and latent learning in your everyday life.

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Question 2

Describe two ways learning occurs in everyday life, including one example of voluntary learning and one example of involuntary learning.
, Operant Conditioning

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Question 3

Imagine that you are a behavioral psychologist who wants to help a father increase his daughter's compliance in mowing the backyard without being reminded. Develop a plan that will include both positive and negative reinforcement, and positive and negative punishment.

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Question 4

Imagine that you want to teach your dog to "shake hands" with visitors. Design a program based on shaping to accomplish your goal.

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Question 5

Describe how the principles of classical conditioning, operant conditioning, and cognitive-social learning are involved in the acquisition of prejudice.
, Operant Conditioning, Cognitive - Social Learning

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Question 6

Define and give an example of positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, positive punishment and negative punishment. Describe why policymakers and developmental psychologists urge parents to use alternatives to physical punishment, such as forms of negative punishment?

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Question 7

Lauryn has an irrational fear of flying. Use classical conditioning theory to explain how she learned this fear. Provide a definition of conditioned stimulus, unconditioned stimulus, conditioned response, unconditioned response, and indicate each term that is used in Lauryn's conditioning.

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Question 8

Contrast classical and operant conditioning with regard to which two events become associated and the type of response (i.e., voluntary vs. involuntary), illustrating your answer with an example of why someone in each learning condition would stop flying in airplanes.
, Operant Conditioning

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Question 9

In an experiment, laboratory rats were classically conditioned to get sick after drinking sweetened water that was paired with a drug that compromises immune response. These rats continued to die after the experiment because of the conditioned response to the sweetened water alone. Which conclusion can be drawn from this research?

Accepted Answer

This research shows that a conditioned response (the immune compromise) can lead to a physical response (death) from the body, indicating that any response the body is capable of making can be conditioned, including extreme outcomes such as dying.

Question 10

Define biological preparedness and describe how it is related to classical and operant conditioning, providing an example from your own life.
, Biology of Learning

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Question 11

Describe the processes of generalization, discrimination, extinction, spontaneous recovery, and higher-order conditioning in classical conditioning. Use an example of each type of conditioning to illustrate your comparison.

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Question 12

Define observational learning, including a description of the four processes that are essential for it to work, and an example of your own observational learning.

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Question 13

Explain the importance of schedules of reinforcement in the effective use of reinforcement and punishment. Provide an example of a fixed-ratio, variable-ratio, fixed-interval and variable-interval partial schedule to illustrate your explanation.

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Question 14

Tolman did an experiment where laboratory rats were reinforced for completing a maze. Each subsequent day, they ran the maze with fewer errors. On the 11th day of the experiment, Tolman flooded the maze with water, forcing the laboratory rats to use muscle movements that had never been reinforced. If the rats were building cognitive maps of the mazes, which result would you expect for their performance on the 11th day?

Accepted Answer

Tolman's theory of latent learning suggests that the rats were forming cognitive maps of the maze, even without reinforcement for specific movements. Therefore, even when the mode of movement changed (swimming instead of running), they could use their mental maps to navigate the maze more effectively than on the first day, continuing to show improvement.

Quiz 6: Learning

Explain the importance to human learning of Kohler's and Tolman' research, and provide an example of how you might use insight and latent learning in your everyday life.

Describe two ways learning occurs in everyday life, including one example of voluntary learning and one example of involuntary learning. , Operant Conditioning