Question 1

In sensory memory, the approximate duration of a visual image is about _____, and the approximate duration of auditory echoic memory is up to _____.

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory holds information in its original sensory form for a very brief period of time, typically about 1/2 second for visual information (iconic memory) and up to 4 seconds for auditory information (echoic memory).

Question 2

The process of translating information into neural language that will be retained in memory is called _____.

Accepted Answer

Encoding is the process of converting information into a neural code that can be stored in the brain's memory. Dictation refers to the act of speaking or transcribing information, translation involves converting information from one language to another, and encrypting refers to protecting information by converting it into a coded language.

Question 3

With regard to memory, the process of retaining neurally coded information over time is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

The process of retaining neurally coded information over time is commonly referred to as memory storage. Option A (maintenance) is a general term that does not specifically refer to memory, while option B (capturing) and option C (sensory retention) do not fully capture the concept of memory storage.

Question 4

Which of the following are ways that people can improve their elaborative rehearsal skills?

Accepted Answer

All of the above options (expanding on the information, questioning the new information, and finding meaning in the information) are effective ways to improve elaborative rehearsal skills. Expanding on the information involves adding new details and connections to better remember and understand the information. Questioning the new information involves actively thinking about the material and forming questions to deepen understanding. Finding meaning in the information involves connecting the new material to prior knowledge and experiences to give it personal relevance and increase retention.

Question 5

This explains why you can recall what someone said several seconds ago, even if you were absorbed in another task when he or she first said it.

Accepted Answer

Echoic memory is the sensory memory that allows individuals to recall auditory information. It lasts for a short period of time, usually a few seconds, and it is responsible for allowing individuals to recall what someone said even if they were not fully paying attention at the time.

Question 6

Memory is a _____________ that includes the organization and shaping of information by processing, storage, and retrieval of information.

Accepted Answer

Memory is a constructive process that involves the organization and shaping of information through encoding, storage, and retrieval. The term "constructive" refers to the fact that memories are not simply retrieved wholesale from storage, but rather are reconstructed or pieced together based on the individual's prior experiences, expectations, and beliefs. Encoding refers to the process of transforming sensory input into a form that can be stored in memory, while storage involves the retention of encoded information over time. Retrieval refers to the process of accessing stored information when it is needed or desired.

Question 7

The following descriptions are characteristic of _____: information lasts for a few seconds or less, a large but not unlimited storage capacity, and transmission of an accurate but not perfect "image."

Accepted Answer

The described characteristics are of sensory memory, which involves the initial brief storage of information that is collected through the senses.

Question 8

Maintenance rehearsal allows us to keep information in _____ memory longer than the typical 30 seconds.

Accepted Answer

Maintenance rehearsal is a process of repeating information over and over again in order to prevent forgetting. It is a technique that can help to keep information in short-term memory for longer than the typical 30-second duration. Long-term memory refers to information stored for a more extended period, while sensory memory refers to the initial perception of sensory stimuli. Permanent memory is not possible as memory can decay or be altered over time.

Question 9

_____ refers to the stage of memory in which a relatively exact image of a sensory experience is held briefly until it can be further processed.

Accepted Answer

Sensory memory refers to the brief holding of exact sensory images before they are processed further. Long-term memory refers to the storage of memories over a longer period of time. Short-term memory refers to the temporary holding of information for immediate use. Working memory refers to the manipulation and processing of information in short-term memory.

Question 10

The process of repeating information over and over to maintain it in short-term memory is called _____.

Accepted Answer

The process of repeating information over and over to maintain it in short-term memory is called maintenance rehearsal. Iconic memory is the ability to retain visual information in sensory memory, while mnemonic memory refers to using memory aids such as acronyms or catchy phrases to improve memory retention. Elaborative rehearsal involves linking new information to existing knowledge in long-term memory.

Question 11

This is an internal record or representation of some prior event or experience.

Accepted Answer

Memory is the internal record or representation of some prior event or experience. Intellect refers to a person's mental abilities and capacity for reasoning, while cognition refers to the mental processes involved in acquiring knowledge and understanding. Perception is the process of interpreting sensory information to make sense of the world around us.

Question 12

The memory system that stores sensory information while it "decides" whether to send it on to LTM is called _____ memory in the traditional memory model.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The memory system that stores sensory information...

Question 13

The three steps in memory processing are _____.

Accepted Answer

The three steps in memory processing are encoding (the input of information), storage (the retention of information), and retrieval (the access and use of information).

Question 14

In the three-stage memory model, which of the following is the CORRECT memory pathway?

Accepted Answer

The correct pathway in the three-stage memory model is Sensory memory to Short-Term Memory (STM) to Long-Term Memory (LTM).

Question 15

In a computer model of memory, _____ would happen at the keyboard, _____ on the monitor, and _____ on the hard drive.

Accepted Answer

Encoding happens at the keyboard where information is inputted, retrieval is displayed on the monitor where information is accessed and viewed, and storage occurs on the hard drive where information is saved for long-term use.

Question 16

______ is (are) important if one wants to learn and remember a great deal of information.

Accepted Answer

Organization and association are important for learning and remembering a great deal of information because they help to create a structure for the information in the mind. This structure makes it easier to retrieve the information later on.

Question 17

The three storage systems included in the three-stage memory model are _____.

Accepted Answer

The three storage systems included in the three-stage memory model are sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. In this model, information first enters sensory memory, where it is held for a very brief time. If the information is attended to, it is then transferred to short-term memory, which can hold a limited amount of information for a short period of time. Finally, if the information is rehearsed and encoded effectively, it can be transferred to long-term memory for more permanent storage. Therefore, option C is the correct answer.

Question 18

According to the three-stage memory model, information must first enter _____ memory and then transfer to _____ memory, then to _____ memory to be retained in our memory systems.

Accepted Answer

The three-stage memory model states that information first enters sensory memory, then transfers to short-term memory, and finally, if rehearsed, can be transferred to long-term memory. Therefore, the correct order is sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Choice C matches this order, making it the best choice.

Question 19

Yu-Wai just met a woman he feels attracted to. He keeps saying her name over and over to himself to make sure he doesn't forget it. Yu-Wai is using _____ to keep this woman's name in _____ memory.

Accepted Answer

Yu-Wai is using maintenance rehearsal to keep the woman's name in his short-term memory. This involves repeating the name over and over to maintain it in working memory.

Question 20

When you swallow the last bite of a divine piece of chocolate and continue to experience the delightful taste for a bit longer, you are utilizing your _____.

Accepted Answer

When you experience the taste of the chocolate even after swallowing the last bite, it is due to the sensory memory system, which stores information from our senses (in this case, taste) for a short period of time. Long-term memory is for encoding and storing information for future use, mnemonic devices are memory aids, and there is no such thing as an imaginary sensory system.

Quiz 7: Memory

In sensory memory, the approximate duration of a visual image is about _, and the approximate duration of auditory echoic memory is up to _.