Question 1

__________ is the systematic study of crime and the criminal justice system,including the police,courts,and prison.

Accepted Answer

Criminology is the specific field that focuses on the causes, nature, and control of criminal behavior, as well as the institutions and processes of the criminal justice system. Sociology is a broader field that can incorporate criminology but also includes the study of society and social behavior more broadly. Ecology is the study of the relationships between organisms and their environment, and ethnomethodology is a subfield of sociology that analyzes the ways in which people make sense of their everyday social world.

Question 2

The use of negative sanctions that proscribe certain behaviors and set forth the punishments for rule breakers and nonconformists is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Negative sanctions are a form of external social control because they come from outside the individual, in the form of societal norms or laws, and are enforced through punishments administered by authority figures or institutions. Exterior social control is not a term commonly used in sociology. Interior and internal social control both refer to self-regulation of behavior within an individual, which is not applicable to the use of negative sanctions.

Question 3

People who think of themselves as __________ may wear black trench coats,paint their fingernails black,and listen to countercultural musicians.

Accepted Answer

Goths typically dress in black clothing and have a fascination with death and the macabre, which is reflected in their music and aesthetic choices. The other options do not necessarily have the same cultural associations as the characteristics described in the question.

Question 4

__________ is any behavior,belief,or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs.

Accepted Answer

Deviance refers to any behavior, belief or condition that violates significant social norms in the society or group in which it occurs. It can include criminal acts, but also covers a broader range of actions or characteristics that are viewed negatively by society. Crime is a specific type of deviance that involves breaking the law. Stigma refers to a negative label or stereotype that is applied to individuals or groups based on their perceived deviance, while violence is a specific type of behavior that can be considered deviant if it violates social norms.

Question 5

According to functionalists,acts of civil disobedience (including lunch counter sit-ins and bus boycotts) exemplify which function of deviance?

Accepted Answer

According to functionalists, acts of civil disobedience can promote social change by bringing attention to unjust laws or social systems. These acts of deviance can inspire others to challenge the status quo and work towards creating a more just society.

Question 6

According to Robert Merton's strain theory,_______ refers to when people accept society's goals but adopt disapproved means for achieving them.

Accepted Answer

According to Merton's strain theory, innovation refers to the act of accepting society's goals (such as wealth or success) but using disapproved or unconventional means to achieve them. Examples of this could include engaging in criminal activity or exploitation of others to attain financial gain.

Question 7

When individuals internalize societal norms and values that prescribe how people should behave and then follow those norms and values in their everyday lives,this is referred to as __________ social control.

Accepted Answer

Internal social control refers to when individuals have internalized societal norms and values and follow them in their everyday lives without external influences or punishment. External social control, on the other hand, involves the imposition of rules and laws by external forces such as the government or other institutions. Interior and exterior are not applicable terms in this context.

Question 8

New legislation being passed as a result of a criminal trial illustrates which function of deviance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of New legislation being passed as a result...

Question 9

Sociologist __________ believed that deviance is rooted in societal factors,such as rapid social change and the lack of social integration among people.As social integration (bonding and community involvement) decreases,deviance and crime increases.

Accepted Answer

The sociologist who believed that deviance is rooted in societal factors and that as social integration decreases, deviance and crime increase is Emile Durkheim. Durkheim's theory of anomie suggests that rapid social change can lead to a breakdown in social norms and values, which can result in deviant behavior as individuals are no longer guided by a shared understanding of what is acceptable behavior. Durkheim also believed that the level of social integration within a society can impact the level of deviance, with less social integration leading to higher levels of deviance and crime.

Question 10

Deviant behavior varies in its ____________,ranging from mild
Transgressions of folkways,to more serious infringements of mores,to
Quite serious violations of the law.

Accepted Answer

The sentence explicitly mentions "degree of seriousness" as the varying factor of deviant behavior. Therefore, option D is the best choice. Options A, B, and C are not suitable because they focus on specific types of deviant behavior rather than their severity.

Question 11

Suppose that a bully comes into town and the residents band together in order to oppose the threat.This illustrates which function of deviance?

Accepted Answer

The situation described illustrates how deviance can lead to the unification of a group in order to oppose a common threat.

Question 12

A young woman graduates from high school with honors and attends a prestigious university,where she completes her degree.She gets a good job,she marries,and starts planning for the future.This woman's behavior illustrates:

Accepted Answer

The woman's behavior suggests conformity as she has followed the traditional path of education, career, marriage, and planning for the future, which is the norm in society.

Question 13

Societies also have various mechanisms to regulate people's behavior.__________ refers to the systematic practices that social groups develop in order to encourage conformity to norms,rules,and laws and to discourage deviance.

Accepted Answer

Social control refers to the mechanisms and practices that social groups use to regulate behavior and enforce conformity to norms, rules, and laws. These mechanisms can take the form of both formal and informal sanctions, including rewards, punishments, and socialization processes that encourage individuals to internalize and follow accepted norms and values. Examples of social control mechanisms include laws and regulations, social institutions such as schools and churches, peer pressure, and social norms and expectations.

Question 14

A __________ is a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines,jail terms,and/or other negative sanctions.

Accepted Answer

A crime is defined as a behavior that violates criminal law and is punishable with fines, jail terms, and/or other negative sanctions. Stigma refers to a negative social label that is applied to an individual or group, often due to a perceived violation of social norms. A deviant act is a behavior that goes against societal norms but may not necessarily be illegal. Cultural strain refers to the negative emotions or stress that individuals may experience when they are unable to meet the expectations or goals of their culture or society.

Question 15

According to the functionalist perspective,deviance is universal because it serves all of the following important functions EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the functionalist perspective,deviance is universal...

Question 16

When people accept culturally approved goals and pursue them through the approved means,__________ occurs.

Accepted Answer

The accepted culturally approved goals and means refer to the norms and values of society. When individuals conform and adhere to these norms to achieve these goals, conformity occurs. Rebellion is the rejection of the culturally approved goals and means, rejection is the rejection of the goals, and innovation involves accepting the goals but finding new and unconventional means to achieve them.

Question 17

In contemporary societies,the criminal justice system,which includes the police,the courts,and the prisons,is the primary mechanism of __________ social control.

Accepted Answer

The criminal justice system is designed to control or regulate behavior that is deemed socially unacceptable or criminal. This system relies on external mechanisms of control, such as punishment and law enforcement, to maintain order and discourage criminal behavior.

Question 18

Typically sociologists and criminologists define a __________ as a group of people,usually young,who band together for purposes generally considered to be deviant or criminal by the larger society.

Accepted Answer

Gangs are defined as groups of people, often young, who come together for purposes that are generally considered to be deviant or criminal by the larger society.

Question 19

According to sociologist Robert Merton's __________ theory,people feel tension when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally-approved means of achieving those goals.The goals may be material possessions and money; the approved means may include an education and/or job.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition of strain theory, which suggests that individuals experience strain when they are unable to achieve their desired goals through legitimate means, leading to deviant or criminal behavior.

Question 20

__________ refers to a violation of law or the commission of a status offense (such as cutting school or running away from home) by young people.

Accepted Answer

Juvenile delinquency specifically refers to the breaking of laws by young people. Truancy and youthful misconduct are examples of delinquent behavior but do not encompass all types of juvenile delinquency. Crime, while related, is a more general term that includes all individuals who break laws, regardless of age.

Quiz 7: Deviance and Crime