Question 1

In relation to social epidemiology,__________ take(s) into account demographic factors (age,sex,and race/ethnicity),physical condition,habits and customs,and lifestyle.

Accepted Answer

The human host refers to the individual or population being studied in social epidemiology. In order to understand patterns of disease and health, it is important to take into account demographic factors (such as age, sex, and race/ethnicity), physical condition, habits and customs, and lifestyle of the population being studied. Disease agents (B) and the environment (D) are also important factors in social epidemiology, but they refer to external factors that can contribute to disease and health, rather than individual characteristics. Health coefficients (C) is not a commonly used term in social epidemiology.

Question 2

The __________ is the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year.

Accepted Answer

The term "infant mortality rate" specifically refers to the number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year. The other choices do not accurately describe this statistic.

Question 3

Although it is estimated that only __________ percent of U.S.citizens will die prior to age 60,health experts estimate that more than __________ billion people around the world will die prior to the age of 60.

Accepted Answer

According to the question, only a certain percentage of U.S. citizens will die before age 60, but the question then shifts to the worldwide population. Therefore, we need to look for the answer that has a much higher estimate for the worldwide population. Choice C states that over 13% of the worldwide population will die before age 60, which is much higher than the other choices. The second part of the question does not provide a specific number, so any of the answer choices could be correct.

Question 4

In relation to social epidemiology,__________ include(s) biological agents such as insects,bacteria,and viruses that carry or cause disease; nutrient agents such as fats and carbohydrates; chemical agents such as gases and pollutants in the air; and physical agents such as temperature,humidity,and radiation.

Accepted Answer

Disease agents refer to the biological, nutrient, chemical, and physical agents that can cause or transmit disease. The other answer choices are not related to this concept.

Question 5

The infant mortality rate in some low-income nations is staggering.In fact,some analysts estimate that __________ of these infants die during the first month of life.

Accepted Answer

The word "staggering" indicates a high number, and "some analysts estimate" suggests that there is no one exact number. Out of the given options, "two-thirds" is the highest and most staggering estimate. Therefore, the correct choice is B) two-thirds.

Question 6

The Census Bureau projects that about __________ percent of the U.S.population will be at least 65 by the year 2050.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The Census Bureau projects that about __________...

Question 7

The Census Bureau projects the population of persons over 85 will __________ by the year 2050.

Accepted Answer

The Census Bureau projects that the population of persons over 85 will triple by the year 2050 due to increased life expectancy and aging baby boomers.

Question 8

__________ is the study of the causes and distribution of health,disease,and impairment throughout a population.

Accepted Answer

Social epidemiology is the study of how social factors such as poverty, education, and race/ethnicity impact health outcomes for individuals and entire populations. It seeks to identify and understand patterns in the distribution of health, disease, and impairment across various social groups. The other choices, sociology of medicine, social health, and social medicine, focus on different aspects of the relationship between society and health, but do not specifically address patterns in health distribution.

Question 9

__________ are illnesses that strike suddenly and cause dramatic incapacitation and sometimes death.

Accepted Answer

Acute diseases are illnesses that come on suddenly and often cause severe symptoms, requiring immediate medical attention. Examples include the flu, meningitis, and heart attacks. Epidemics can refer to sudden outbreaks of infectious diseases affecting a large number of people, but not all epidemics necessarily involve acute diseases. Disabilities and chronic diseases, on the other hand, refer to conditions that persist over time, sometimes for life.

Question 10

There are many reasons for differences in life expectancy and infant mortality rates in low-income countries as compared to high-income countries.Which of the following is NOT an aspect of health care in low-income countries?

Accepted Answer

The aspect of health care in low-income countries that is NOT listed is ample qualified physicians and health care facilities. Low-income countries often struggle with limited access to health care resources and a shortage of trained medical professionals. This can contribute to higher rates of morbidity and mortality, particularly for preventable or treatable conditions. Insufficient or contaminated food, lack of access to pure, safe water, and lack of adequate sewage and refuse disposal can all also contribute to poor health outcomes in low-income countries.

Question 11

Many low-income nations have astounding infant mortality rates.For
Example in Angola,__________ infants under one year of age die per
1,000 births.

Accepted Answer

Angola has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world. According to UNICEF, in 2020, 176 infants per 1,000 live births in Angola died before their first birthday, which translates to almost 1 in 6 infants not surviving to their first birthday. This is a stark contrast to high-income countries, where infant mortality rates are typically below 5 per 1,000 live births.

Question 12

Older people are more likely to have __________ diseases.

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseases are long-term, persisting conditions that increase in prevalence with age. Examples include diabetes, heart disease, arthritis, and dementia. Acute diseases, such as the flu, are short-term and can happen at any age. Epidemic diseases refer to the spread of infectious diseases to an unusually large number of people in a particular population. Infectious diseases can affect people of all ages.

Question 13

In comparing health care expenditures and the overall physical well-being of a people,which of the following is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

While there may be some correlations between health care expenditures and physical well-being, it is not a direct relationship. There are many factors that can impact the health of a population, including lifestyle choices, environmental factors, and access to preventative care, which may not be solely dependent on health care expenditures. Thus, it is not accurate to say that the more money spent on health care, the better the health of the people. Additionally, the specific example given in option B is incorrect; Sweden actually has a lower infant mortality rate than the United States despite spending less on health care. Option C is also incorrect; Sweden has a higher life expectancy than the United States.

Question 14

Over the past 20 years,life expectancy at birth has risen to more than 70 years in 146 countries,up from only 55 countries in 1990.An important factor in the increase in life expectancy in low-income nations has been the development of:

Accepted Answer

Access to a safe water supply is crucial for reducing the prevalence of waterborne diseases, which disproportionately affect low-income countries. These diseases can cause premature death and greatly impact life expectancy. Improvements in water infrastructure have therefore contributed significantly to the increasing life expectancy in these nations. While the other factors listed (better doctor care, healthier diets, good exercise programs) are also important for overall health and well-being, they may not have had as significant an impact on life expectancy in low-income nations as improved access to clean water.

Question 15

__________ are illnesses that are long-term or lifelong and that develop gradually or are present from birth.

Accepted Answer

Chronic diseases are illnesses that are long-term or lifelong and that develop gradually or are present from birth. Disabilities refer to limitations in functioning, while acute diseases are illnesses that develop rapidly and have a short duration. Epidemics refer to the spread of infectious diseases over a large area or population.

Question 16

In relation to social epidemiology,__________ include(s) the physical (geography and climate),biological (presence or absence of known disease agents),and social (socioeconomic status,occupation,and location of home).

Accepted Answer

The factors described in the question, including geography, climate, disease agents, and socioeconomic status, are all part of the environment that can impact health outcomes. Therefore, the best choice is D, "the environment."

Question 17

Younger people are more likely to have __________ diseases.

Accepted Answer

Younger people are more likely to experience acute diseases, which are sudden and severe but typically short-lived, rather than chronic diseases, which are long-lasting and more common in older populations.

Question 18

The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a(n):

Accepted Answer

The World Health Organization's definition of health includes not just the absence of disease or physical pain, but also takes into account mental and social well-being. It goes beyond just physical health and encompasses a holistic understanding of overall well-being.

Question 19

__________ is the term for any activity intended to improve health.

Accepted Answer

Health care encompasses all activities and services aimed at maintaining or improving health, including medical treatment, preventive measures, and lifestyle adjustments. Holistic medicine and healing are specific approaches to health care but do not encompass all activities aimed at improving health. Medicine refers specifically to medical treatment and is only one aspect of health care.

Question 20

__________ is the term for an institutional system concerned with the scientific diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of illness.

Accepted Answer

Medicine is the term that specifically refers to the science of diagnosing, treating, and preventing illness, distinguishing it from broader concepts of health care and more specialized or alternative approaches like holistic medicine.

Quiz 18: Health, Health Care, and Disability

In relation to social epidemiology,__________ take(s) into account demographic factors (age,sex,and race/ethnicity) ,physical condition,habits and customs,and lifestyle.