Question 1

In most __________ programs,patients choose a primary care physician from a list of participating doctors.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In most __________ programs,patients choose a primary...

Question 2

Canada has a __________ system,which is a health care system in which all citizens receive medical services paid for by tax revenues.

Accepted Answer

Canada has a universal health care system where all citizens receive medical services paid for by tax revenues. This means that medical care is available to everyone regardless of their ability to pay. Health maintenance organizations and fee-for-service medical care are different types of healthcare systems, while socialized medicine refers to a healthcare system where the government owns and operates healthcare facilities and employs healthcare professionals.

Question 3

According to sociologist Talcott Parsons,the "sick role" has four primary characteristics.Which of the following is NOT one of these characteristics?

Accepted Answer

According to Talcott Parsons, people who assume the sick role are not responsible for their condition. This is one of the primary characteristics of the sick role. The other three characteristics are: temporary exemption from normal roles and obligations (B), a desire to get well (C), and seeking competent medical help (D).

Question 4

Critics of Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) charge that:

Accepted Answer

Critics of HMOs argue that when physicians are paid on a capitation basis, they may be incentivized to provide less treatment or care than is necessary in order to save money. This can result in undertreatment of patients. The other options (A, C, and D) are also criticisms of HMOs, but they do not directly relate to the issue of physician payment and undertreatment.

Question 5

__________ provide,for a set monthly fee,total care with an emphasis on prevention to avoid costly treatment later.

Accepted Answer

Health Maintenance Organizations (HMOs) provide total care with an emphasis on prevention to avoid costly treatment later for a set monthly fee. Managed care programs and fee-for-service programs do not necessarily have an emphasis on prevention or a set monthly fee, and third-party servers are not directly related to healthcare.

Question 6

If all forms of alternative medicine (including chiropractic,massage,and spiritual) are taken into account,people spend __________ money on unconventional therapies than they do for all hospitalizations.

Accepted Answer

According to a study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association, people in the United States spend more money on alternative medicine than they do for all hospitalizations. Therefore, the correct answer is D, "more."

Question 7

After the communist takeover in China,the government attempted to educate their large public regarding health care and to provide for the treatment of illness and disease.One policy was to develop a large number of __________,who had little medical training,but worked under the supervision of trained physicians.

Accepted Answer

The description matches the concept of physician extenders - individuals who work under the supervision of physicians but have lesser medical training than them. Physician assistants (B) typically have more formal medical education and training. Proletariat physicians (C) is not a commonly used term and is not related to the description given. Medical technicians (D) have a defined scope of practice and job responsibilities that typically do not include working under the supervision of physicians.

Question 8

A __________ is a document stating the person's wishes regarding the medical circumstances under which his or her life should be terminated.

Accepted Answer

A living will is a legal document that specifies the type of medical treatment an individual does or does not want to receive in the event that they become incapacitated or unable to communicate their wishes. The document outlines the person's wishes regarding end-of-life medical care and can be used to guide medical decisions made by healthcare providers and family members. This document can help ensure that a person's wishes are respected and followed, even if they are not able to communicate them at the time.

Question 9

In 1946,Great Britain passed the National Health Service Act.The government sets health care policies,raises funds,and controls the medical care budget,owns health care facilities,and directly employs physicians and other health care personnel.Great Britain exemplifies a:

Accepted Answer

The system in Great Britain exemplifies socialized medicine, where the government owns the health care facilities, employs health care personnel, sets policies, and controls the medical care budget. It is distinct from a fee-for-service system, where patients pay for individual services, and a health maintenance organization system, where care is provided through a contracted network of providers. It is also a universal health care system, as all citizens are covered under the National Health Service.

Question 10

The type of medicine that takes an active approach to health,promoting a
Healthy lifestyle and self-image,as well as treating illness,is known as:

Accepted Answer

Holistic medicine focuses on treating the whole person, including promoting a healthy lifestyle and self-image, rather than just addressing specific illnesses.

Question 11

__________ refers to a health care system in which the government owns the health care facilities and employs the physicians.

Accepted Answer

Socialized medicine is a system in which the government owns and operates the healthcare facilities and employs the physicians.

Question 12

Healing practices inconsistent with dominant medical practice taking a holistic approach to health is known as:

Accepted Answer

Alternative medicine refers to healing practices that are not consistent with the dominant medical approach and often focus on treating the whole person, rather than just symptoms or specific illnesses. This can include practices like acupuncture, herbal medicine, meditation, and chiropractic care, among others.

Question 13

According to the __________ approach,if society is to operate as a stable system,it is important for people to be healthy and to contribute to their society.Consequently,sickness is viewed as a form of deviant behavior that must be controlled by society.

Accepted Answer

The functionalist approach emphasizes the importance of social stability and the need for individuals to contribute to society in order for it to function smoothly. In this perspective, sickness is considered to be a form of deviant behavior that disrupts the functioning of society, and therefore needs to be controlled.

Question 14

Which of the following is a weakness of sociologist Talcott Parson's model of the "sick role"?

Accepted Answer

Parson's model of the "sick role" fails to take into account the variations in how sickness is defined and treated based on factors such as race, ethnicity, class, and gender. This limits the applicability of the model in explaining illness-related behavior across different populations.

Question 15

An estimated 50.7 million people in the United States had no health insurance in 2009,and children made up __________ million of the uninsured.

Accepted Answer

In 2009, approximately 7.5 million children in the United States were uninsured, which corresponds to option A.

Question 16

__________ is an approach to health care that focuses on prevention of illness and disease and is aimed at treating the whole person-body and mind-rather than just the part or parts in which symptoms occur.

Accepted Answer

Holistic medicine focuses on treating the whole person, including their physical, emotional, and spiritual needs. It emphasizes the importance of prevention and maintaining overall wellness, rather than just treating individual symptoms or diseases.

Question 17

Non-professionally trained individuals who attempted to educate the large population in urban areas of China about health and health care,and also provided treatment of illness and disease,were referred to as:

Accepted Answer

The term "street doctor" is commonly used to refer to non-professionally trained individuals who provide medical care and education in urban areas of China. The other options (A, C, and D) do not accurately describe this particular group. Physician assistants and nurse practitioners are trained medical professionals, and the term "proletariat physicians" is not commonly used or recognized in the context of healthcare.

Question 18

In China,it is necessary to adopt innovative strategies in order to improve the health of its populace.One such policy involves developing a large number of physician extenders.In urban areas,these doctors are referred to as street doctors,while in the countryside,they are known as:

Accepted Answer

In the countryside areas of China, these doctors are known as barefoot doctors. This term refers to healthcare providers who were trained during the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s and 1970s to provide basic medical care for rural areas. They were named "barefoot doctors" because they often worked without shoes due to scarcity. In urban areas, doctors who work as physician extenders or provide healthcare on the street are not referred to using a specific term like "barefoot doctors."

Question 19

Despite public and private insurance programs,about __________ of all U.S.citizens are without health insurance or had difficulty getting or paying for medical care at some time in the last year.

Accepted Answer

According to a 2019 report from the Commonwealth Fund, approximately one-third of U.S. adults (or 87 million people) are either uninsured or underinsured, meaning they have insurance but experience difficulty affording medical care. This indicates a significant gap in the accessibility and affordability of healthcare despite the presence of public and private insurance programs.

Question 20

__________ is any system of cost containment that closely monitors and controls health care providers' decisions about medical procedures,diagnostic tests,and other services that should be provided to patients.

Accepted Answer

Managed care is a system of cost containment that closely monitors and controls healthcare providers' decisions about medical procedures, diagnostic tests, and other services that should be provided to patients. Managed care organizations negotiate with healthcare providers to offer services at lower costs and implement utilization management programs to ensure appropriate use of services. Fee-for-service programs, health maintenance organizations, and third-party providers are not necessarily focused on cost containment or closely monitoring and controlling healthcare provider decisions.

Quiz 18: Health, Health Care, and Disability