Question 1

How does the CAT scan neuroimaging technique work?

Accepted Answer

CAT scan (computed tomography) uses X-rays to create detailed images of the brain structures by rotating around the head and taking multiple images from different angles.

Question 2

In studies using fMRI,how did post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)participants who report primarily dissociative (numbing-type)responses to listening to scripts about their traumas compare to PTSD participants who experienced primarily hyperarousal patterns to trauma scripts?

Accepted Answer

PTSD participants who reported primarily dissociative responses to trauma scripts had different patterns of brain activation in fMRI studies compared to participants who experienced primarily hyperarousal patterns. Specifically, participants with dissociative symptoms showed less activation in areas of the brain associated with processing emotional information and memoire, such as the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, whereas participants with hyperarousal symptoms showed hyperactivation in these areas as well as in the amygdala, which is involved in fear processing.

Question 3

Which technique would be appropriate if you wished to look for the location of possible damage in a client's brain?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which technique would be appropriate if you...

Question 4

What are neuropsychological tests used to assess?

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychological tests are used to assess whether an individual might have a brain dysfunction, which can include a range of conditions such as neurological disorders, traumatic brain injury, and dementia. These tests evaluate various cognitive domains such as attention, memory, language, and executive functioning to determine whether any deficits are present. They can also be used to track changes in cognitive function over time and to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions and treatments. While these tests may be used as part of an assessment for other conditions such as psychosis, intellectual disability, or depression, their primary purpose is to assess brain function.

Question 5

Which of the following is a problem associated with a false positive result on a psychological test?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a problem...

Question 6

Sarah's family doctor has suggested to her parents that they see a specialist to have a neuropsychological test completed.What is this type of test intended to do?

Accepted Answer

A neuropsychological test is intended to determine the possible contribution of brain damage to the person's condition. It assesses cognitive abilities such as memory, language, attention, and problem-solving to help identify any areas of dysfunction in the brain. This information can be used to diagnose and develop treatment plans for conditions such as traumatic brain injury, dementia, or stroke.

Question 7

If it were important to determine the exact location of brain impairment,which of the following would most likely be used?

Accepted Answer

The Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery is specifically designed to help determine the specific type and location of brain impairments. The other listed tests are not designed for this purpose.

Question 8

One of the problems in using neuropsychological tests to detect organic damage and cognitive disorders involves the possibility of false negatives.Which of the following is most likely to result from a false negative?

Accepted Answer

A false negative occurs when a patient is incorrectly classified as not having a cognitive disorder or organic damage when, in fact, they do have such a condition. In this case, a false negative may result in the clinician missing an important medical problem that needs to be treated. This could lead to a delay in appropriate medical intervention, potentially causing further harm or complications for the patient.

Question 9

Which neuroimaging device would be used to examine dopamine activity in individuals with bipolar disorder?

Accepted Answer

PET (Positron Emission Tomography) is the neuroimaging device used to examine dopamine activity in individuals with bipolar disorder. PET scans use a radioactive tracer to measure brain activity and show how neurotransmitters like dopamine are being used in different regions of the brain. This can provide valuable information about the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of bipolar disorder and help guide treatment options. CAT (Computed Axial Tomography) and MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) are structural imaging techniques that can provide detailed pictures of the brain, but they do not show dopamine activity. TAT (Thematic Apperception Test) is a psychological test that assesses personality and emotional functioning, and is not a neuroimaging device.

Question 10

Which of the following refers to an imaging technique that uses a radioactive tracer to measure the functioning of various parts of the brain?

Accepted Answer

PET scan (Positron Emission Tomography) is the imaging technique that uses a radioactive tracer to measure the functioning of various parts of the brain. CT (Computed Tomography) and CAT (Computerized Axial Tomography) scan use X-rays to produce detailed images of the body's internal structures. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of the body's internal structures.

Question 11

Why are neuropsychological tests used?

Accepted Answer

Neuropsychological tests are used to help differentiate between individuals who have a cognitive disorder and those who do not. These tests assess an individual's cognitive abilities, such as memory, language, attention, and problem-solving skills, and provide insights into brain functions that may be impaired. This information can be used to diagnose cognitive disorders and develop effective treatment plans. The other answer choices describe different methods for studying brain structure and function, but they do not directly relate to the use of neuropsychological tests.

Question 12

How does the fMRI procedure differ from the traditional MRI?

Accepted Answer

The fMRI procedure differs from the traditional MRI in that it can take pictures of the brain at work, recording changes from one second to the next. The traditional MRI produces static images of the brain's anatomy, whereas the fMRI can show changes in blood flow and oxygenation that occur in response to different tasks or stimuli. Option A is incorrect because X-rays are not used in either MRI or fMRI procedures. Option B is incorrect because traditional MRI and fMRI both measure changes in magnetic fields, not metabolism. Option C is incorrect because fMRI does not measure brain waves, which is typically done with an electroencephalogram (EEG).

Question 13

What is a limitation of IQ tests?

Accepted Answer

IQ tests only measure certain types of intelligence, such as analytical and logical thinking, but do not take into account creativity, adaptability, and other types of intelligence that are important in real-world situations.

Question 14

What have researchers found regarding the Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)I and II?

Accepted Answer

Researchers have found that a variety of factors can influence scores on the WISC and WISC-II, including culture. It is important to consider cultural influences and to be aware of potential biases when interpreting results. There is insufficient evidence to support choices A, B, or C.

Question 15

Which of the following is single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)most similar to in technique and purpose?

Accepted Answer

SPECT is most similar to positron emission tomography (PET) in technique and purpose. Both techniques use radiotracers to produce 3D images of the brain and other organs, and they are used to diagnose and monitor various neurological and psychiatric disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, epilepsy, and schizophrenia. However, PET uses positron-emitting radiotracers, while SPECT uses gamma-emitting radiotracers.

Question 16

What is the primary basis for a prognosis?

Accepted Answer

The primary basis for a prognosis is information about the course of the disorder in other individuals. This information is typically gathered through research studies and clinical observations of others who have experienced a similar disorder. Other factors such as age, overall health, and response to treatment may also be taken into account in making a prognosis.

Question 17

What is the main difference between neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging techniques?

Accepted Answer

The main difference between neuropsychological tests and neuroimaging techniques is that neuropsychological tests help identify the location of the brain dysfunction, while neuroimaging shows us the structure and functioning of the brain. Neuropsychological tests involve behavioral assessments that evaluate cognitive, behavioral, and emotional functions, whereas neuroimaging techniques such as MRI, CT scan, fMRI, and PET scan create images of the brain's structure and functioning. While neuropsychological tests can provide information on the location of brain dysfunction, the results need to be interpreted in conjunction with neuroimaging findings to identify the root cause of the dysfunction.

Question 18

What have recent research studies used PET scans for?

Accepted Answer

PET scans have been used in recent research studies to look at the patterns of brain metabolism which may be related to certain disorders. PET scans can help identify changes in brain function that are not visible on other types of brain imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans. This can aid in the diagnosis and treatment of various neurological and psychiatric disorders.

Question 19

Which of the following is used to measure electrical activity in the brain?

Accepted Answer

The correct term for measuring electrical activity in the brain is an electroencephalogram (EEG), not an electroencephalograph. Option B is incorrect since an electrocardiograph measures the electrical activity of the heart, while an electromyogram (EMG) measures electrical activity in muscles.

Question 20

Marguerite is tested for brain damage.Although her test results indicate that she has no brain damage,in reality she has a brain tumour.Her test results indicate a false negative.Which of the following is the MOST likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Marguerite's false negative test result may lead to her not receiving the necessary treatment for her brain tumour, as the test incorrectly indicates she has no brain damage.

Quiz 3: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis