Question 1

Recent research suggests that children are capable of learning the concepts of more than and less than even earlier than suggested by Piaget.At what age are children now believed to be capable of demonstrating these concepts?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research suggests that children are capable...

Question 2

According to Piaget,in which stage of development do children come to understand the law of conservation and quantity?

Accepted Answer

Piaget believed that children in the concrete operational stage, which occurs between the ages of 7 and 11, have developed the ability to understand the principle of conservation. This means they can comprehend that even if the shape or arrangement of an object changes, its quantity or amount remains the same. Children in the preoperational stage (B) may not grasp this concept, while children in the sensorimotor stage (A) are still developing basic cognitive processes and have not yet reached the stage where they can understand the law of conservation. The formal operational stage (D) occurs after the age of 11 and involves the ability to think more abstractly and hypothetically, but this stage does not specifically relate to the concept of conservation.

Question 3

According to Piaget,a 4-year-old is probably at the _____ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget, the preoperational stage occurs from ages 2 to 7 years old. During this stage, children develop symbolic thinking, language, and imagination. They are able to understand symbols, but they do not yet understand abstract concepts, such as time, space, or logic. This stage is characterized by egocentrism, animism, and magical thinking. Therefore, the best choice would be A) preoperational, which refers to the developmental stage of a 4-year-old, according to Piaget's theory.

Question 4

Object permanence is a child's awareness that:

Accepted Answer

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not perceptually available, such as when they are out of sight or hidden. This concept is typically acquired during early childhood development.

Question 5

Joey can sort objects on the basis of their color,their shape,or both at the same time.Piaget would say that Joey is in the _____ stage,because he no longer suffers from the limitation known as _____.

Accepted Answer

Joey's ability to sort objects based on multiple criteria indicates that he has reached the concrete operational stage of development according to Piaget's theory. In this stage, children are able to consider multiple aspects of objects and can perform mental operations on them. The limitation of focusing solely on one aspect of objects, known as centration, is overcome in the concrete operational stage. Therefore, Choice D is the correct answer.

Question 6

Over the course of the last several decades,research on child development has suggested that:

Accepted Answer

Research on child development has shown that children understand more and at an earlier age than was previously thought. This includes understanding language, emotions, and social cues. This has led to a shift in how psychologists view children's cognitive abilities and development.

Question 7

Recent research has shown that infants have a primitive understanding of the laws of motion.Which of the following phenomena is NOT evidence that shows infants understand the laws of motion?

Accepted Answer

While newborns showing a preference for moving objects may suggest an understanding of motion, it is not a direct demonstration of the laws of motion. Choices A, B, and D all suggest a more nuanced understanding of how objects move and interact with each other.

Question 8

What was the important difference between the test of mathematical ability conducted by Mehler and Bever and that conducted by Piaget?

Accepted Answer

Mehler and Bever's study used candy as a motivational tool, which likely increased the children's engagement and performance compared to Piaget's study.

Question 9

Piaget used the concept of accommodation to describe what happens when:

Accepted Answer

Accommodation refers to when new cognitive schemas are developed or existing ones are modified to fit new information or experiences. Therefore, choice A is the best option.

Question 10

What does Piaget call the process of changing or modifying a schema in response to environmental factors?

Accepted Answer

Piaget calls the process of changing or modifying a schema in response to environmental factors accommodation. Assimilation is the process of fitting new information into pre-existing schemas, maturation refers to the natural unfolding of developmental processes, and conservation is the understanding that a quantity remains the same even when its appearance has changed.

Question 11

According to Piaget,in which stage of development does an individual develop an understanding of object permanence?

Accepted Answer

Piaget's sensorimotor stage is from birth to approximately 2 years of age. During this stage, infants develop an understanding of object permanence, which is the realization that an object continues to exist even when it cannot be seen, heard, or touched. This understanding is a significant milestone in early cognitive development.

Question 12

Your brother's son shows evidence of understanding both abstract thought and the use of symbols.Piaget would place him in the _____ stage of development.

Accepted Answer

The formal operational stage (ages 12 and up) is characterized by the ability to reason abstractly, use symbols and think logically about hypothetical situations.

Question 13

According to your textbook,one of the limitations of Piaget's analysis of child development is that it:

Accepted Answer

Piaget's theory has been criticized for underestimating the cognitive abilities of young children, as later research showed that children can demonstrate certain cognitive skills earlier than Piaget proposed.

Question 14

Piaget's conclusion that young children have no inherent sense of mathematical principles:

Accepted Answer

Research has shown that children under 3 understand concepts such as more than and less than, which contradicts Piaget's conclusion that young children have no inherent sense of mathematical principles.

Question 15

In front of Chris,Tasha pours the same amount of water into a short,fat glass and a tall,thin glass.She then asks Chris which glass has more water.If Chris is at the preoperational stage,he is likely to answer:

Accepted Answer

At the preoperational stage, children's thinking is still based on their perceptions and not yet developed enough for abstract reasoning. Chris is likely to focus on the visual aspect and assume that the taller glass contains more water because it occupies more vertical space.

Question 16

In front of Chris,Tasha pours the same amount of water into a short,fat glass and a tall,thin glass.She then asks Chris which glass has more water.If Chris is at the concrete operational stage,he is likely to answer:

Accepted Answer

In the concrete operational stage, children understand the concept of conservation, meaning they recognize that the amount of liquid remains the same despite changes in the shape or appearance of the container.

Question 17

What cognitive limitation is the tendency of individuals to view the world through their own experiences?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism is the cognitive limitation where individuals view the world through their own experiences and struggle to take others' perspectives into account. The other options, assimilation, accommodation, and centration, refer to different aspects of cognitive development according to Piaget's theory of development.

Question 18

While a child watches,you hide a Cheerio under one of two cups in front of her.The first three times you hide it under the blue cup; the fourth time,you hide it under the red cup.She still looks for the Cheerio under the blue cup.This child has not yet fully comprehended:

Accepted Answer

The child's failure to look under the red cup, where the Cheerio was last hidden, shows a lack of understanding of object permanence - the idea that an object still exists even if it is hidden or out of sight. The child may have learned to associate the Cheerio with the blue cup and is not yet able to adapt or accommodate to new information.

Question 19

Your brother's child has just learned to organize his blocks according to their relative sizes.What stage of development would Piaget say he has reached?

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory, children in the concrete operational stage (ages 7-12 years) can organize objects based on their attributes, such as size, shape, and color. Therefore, the child's ability to organize blocks based on their size indicates that he has reached the concrete operational stage of development.

Question 20

A child seen playing at the beach has first poured a bucket of sand into a short,fat container and then another bucket into a tall,thin container.When asked which container holds more sand,the child points to the tall,thin container.This response suggests that she is at Piaget's _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, children in the preoperational stage (ages 2-7 years) often have difficulty with conservation of mass, volume, and number. They are unable to understand that the amount of a substance remains the same even when the shape or container changes. Therefore, the child's response suggesting that the tall, thin container holds more sand indicates a lack of conservation ability, which is characteristic of the preoperational stage.

Quiz 9: Human Development