Question 1

At what ages do the two major brain growth spurts occur?

Accepted Answer

The two major brain growth spurts occur between the ages of 13-15 and 17-18. This occurs during adolescence and early adulthood when the brain is still developing and maturing.

Question 2

Which of the following is an example of changes in secondary sex characteristics during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Growth of the breasts is an example of changes in secondary sex characteristics during puberty. Secondary sex characteristics are physical changes that occur during puberty that differentiate males and females but are not directly related to reproduction. Breast development is a characteristic that develops in females during adolescence due to increasing levels of estrogen. The growth of the testes and ovaries are primary sex characteristics, and growth of the penis is a combination of primary and secondary sex characteristics.

Question 3

Which group of hormones is responsible for the development of the sex organs?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen is responsible for the development of female sex organs, while testosterone is responsible for the development of male sex organs.

Question 4

Which of the following is a change in primary sex characteristics which takes place during puberty?

Accepted Answer

Formation of a uterus is a change in primary sex characteristics that occurs during puberty. Primary sex characteristics are the physical features that differentiate males and females and are directly involved in reproduction. The formation of a uterus is a significant change that only occurs in females during puberty. Growth of breasts and pubic hair are also changes that occur during puberty, but they are considered secondary sex characteristics. Changing voice pitch is also a change that occurs during puberty, but it is specific to males and is considered a secondary sex characteristic as well.

Question 5

In which of the following groups has the average age of menarche remained the same over the past six decades?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In which of the following groups has...

Question 6

Dawn has just turned thirteen years old, and she recently experienced menarche. If Dawn becomes sexually active, will she be at risk for pregnancy?

Accepted Answer

Although irregular menstrual cycles are common during adolescence, it does not necessarily mean that ovulation is absent. Pregnancy is still possible even with irregular cycles, and it is important for Dawn to use contraception if she becomes sexually active.

Question 7

According to current research, which of the following accounts for the secular trend in development worldwide?

Accepted Answer

The secular trend in development worldwide is primarily attributed to improvements in nutrition and health care. Better nutrition and medical advances have increased life expectancy and physical growth, leading to taller and healthier populations. Improved access to health care has also decreased infant and child mortality rates, leading to fewer instances of stunted growth and cognitive delays. While sex education and declines in teen sexual behavior may have positive impacts on certain aspects of development, they are not the primary factors driving the secular trend. Lack of proper prenatal care may also have negative impacts on development, but it does not account for the overall trend observed worldwide.

Question 8

Which of the following is a true statement regarding obesity and puberty?

Accepted Answer

Studies have shown that obesity is positively correlated with early puberty in girls. This is because fat cells produce estrogen, which can trigger puberty at an earlier age. However, obesity has not been found to have a significant correlation with early puberty in boys.

Question 9

Which hormone is responsible for changes at puberty, particularly the development of the secondary sex characteristics in girls?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which hormone is responsible for changes at...

Question 10

Which of the following best defines menarche?

Accepted Answer

Menarche refers specifically to the onset of menstruation, which occurs during puberty. Choice A refers to the development of breast tissue, which may occur before or at the same time as menarche. Choice B refers to the growth of the uterus, which is a gradual process that occurs throughout puberty but is not necessarily synonymous with menarche. Choice D refers to a common physiological change during puberty, but it is not directly related to menarche.

Question 11

During adolescence, boys are more advanced than girls in which of the following aspects of physical development?

Accepted Answer

During adolescence, boys typically experience a greater increase in the size of their heart and lungs compared to girls. This is part of the physical changes that occur during puberty, contributing to differences in physical capacities such as stamina and strength.

Question 12

The changes in the patterns of physical growth and development that are known as the secular trend are most likely caused by which of the following?

Accepted Answer

The secular trend, which refers to the changes in physical growth and development patterns, has been linked to improvements in nutrition and health care. As society has become more advanced, children have access to better quality food, medical care, and living conditions. This has led to an overall increase in height and weight among both children and adults, resulting in the secular trend.

Question 13

What is the term for the onset of the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Menarche is the term used to describe the onset of the menstrual cycle, typically occurring between 11 and 14 years old. Option A - Menstruation refers to the shedding of the uterine lining during the menstrual cycle. Option B - Ovarianation is not a term commonly used in the context of the menstrual cycle. Option C - Secularization refers to the process of becoming less religious, and is not related to the onset of the menstrual cycle.

Question 14

Which of the following best defines adolescence?

Accepted Answer

While adolescence can be loosely defined as the period between puberty and adulthood, it is more specifically the time of transition between childhood and adulthood. This includes physical, emotional, and social changes, as well as the search for personal identity and independence. This period typically ranges from ages 10-18 or so, but can vary depending on cultural and individual factors. Choice A and D are too narrow in their age ranges and choice B only focuses on puberty, not the broader developmental changes that characterize adolescence.

Question 15

During a growth spurt, which is (are) likely to grow first?

Accepted Answer

During a growth spurt, hands and feet are typically the first parts of the body to grow. This is followed by the arms and legs, and finally the torso and shoulders. This pattern is part of a general growth process known as distal-proximal growth.

Question 16

Which gland prompts the release of hormones from the other endocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which gland prompts the release of hormones...

Question 17

Which hormone is responsible for normal brain development and overall rate of growth?

Accepted Answer

Thyroxine (also known as T4) is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland that is essential for normal brain development and overall growth. It regulates the body's metabolic rate, which determines how quickly the body uses energy and therefore influences growth and development. Adrenal androgens, testosterone, and estrogen all play important roles in growth and development, but they are not primarily responsible for normal brain development and overall rate of growth.

Question 18

During puberty the pituitary gland signals the adrenal glands to increase production of androgens. What is the term for this process?

Accepted Answer

The process of the pituitary gland signaling the adrenal glands to increase production of androgens is known as adrenarche.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about menarche is correct?

Accepted Answer

Menarche typically occurs two years after the beginning of indicators such as changes in the breast and pubic hair. This is a well-established pattern in the onset of puberty for girls. Option A is incorrect as the average age of menarche in industrialized countries is between 12 and 13 years, not between 8 and 10. Option C is incorrect as approximately 95% of girls experience menarche between the ages of 11 and 15. Option D is incorrect as there has been a decline in the average age of menarche in industrialized countries over the past century.

Question 20

Which of the following is the earliest sign of puberty for a female?

Accepted Answer

The earliest sign of puberty for a female is the development of breast buds and the growth of pubic hair. Menstruation typically occurs later in puberty, after several other physical changes have occurred. Growth spurt and mesomorphic body type may occur during puberty but are not the earliest signs.

Quiz 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence