Question 1

What term is used for deposits of plaque in the arteries which cause them to narrow or become blocked?

Accepted Answer

Atherosclerosis is the term used for deposits of plaque in the arteries which cause them to narrow or become blocked. Venosclerosis refers to the hardening of veins, osteoarthritis is a condition that affects joints and diabetes is a chronic disease that affects the body's ability to regulate blood sugar levels.

Question 2

Which of the following is a significant risk factors for heart disease EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a significant...

Question 3

Which of the following factors is linked most directly to osteoporosis in women?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen and progesterone are hormones that play a crucial role in bone health. As women age and their estrogen and progesterone levels decrease, they become more susceptible to osteoporosis.

Question 4

Regarding cardiovascular disease, which of the following statements best describes the trend over the last three decades?

Accepted Answer

The occurrence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has generally been declining due to better awareness, prevention, and treatment, but it remains the leading cause of death among adults in the U.S.

Question 5

Degeneration associated with presbycusis accelerates after what age?

Accepted Answer

Presbycusis is a gradual age-related hearing loss that affects people as they age. It often first appears in early adulthood, but degeneration associated with presbycusis accelerates after the age of 50, leading to a sharp decline in hearing ability. Therefore, option D is the correct answer.

Question 6

Statistically, which of the following groups has the SHORTEST life expectancy in the United States?

Accepted Answer

African American men statistically have the shortest life expectancy in the United States due to a combination of factors including socioeconomic disparities, access to healthcare, and higher rates of certain health conditions.

Question 7

Which of the following is a dietary factor which contributes to the risk of osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Excessive caffeine consumption can increase the level of calcium excretion in the urine, leading to a decrease in bone mineral density and an increased risk of osteoporosis. The other choices (A, B, C) are not risk factors for osteoporosis. In fact, excessive calcium intake in adolescence and young adulthood can actually help improve bone density and decrease the risk of osteoporosis later in life.

Question 8

Which of the following are most helpful in preventing osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Sufficient calcium intake and exercise are the best choices for preventing osteoporosis. Calcium is essential for bone health, and getting enough through diet or supplements can help prevent bone loss. Exercise, particularly weight-bearing and resistance training, improves bone density and strength. Hormone replacement may also be helpful, but the risks and benefits should be discussed with a healthcare provider. Mental health maintenance, stress management, social support, and diet may have some impact on overall health and well-being, but they are not as directly related to preventing osteoporosis as calcium and exercise.

Question 9

Which of the following is a risk factor associated with osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Early menopause is a risk factor for osteoporosis because estrogen levels decrease, which can lead to a decrease in bone density. Being male and being an athlete are not necessarily risk factors for osteoporosis, but obesity can actually provide protection against osteoporosis due to the increased weight bearing on bones.

Question 10

Mason is 55 and has come to believe that his phone is not working right because whenever his elderly mother calls, he has trouble hearing her voice. Mason should be examined for

Accepted Answer

Mason's age and difficulty in hearing his mother's voice suggest that he may be experiencing presbycusis, which is age-related hearing loss that commonly affects older adults. Examining Mason for presbycusis would be the best course of action to determine if that is the cause of his difficulty hearing his mother over the phone.

Question 11

Which of the following is correct regarding osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis in women is accelerated by menopause due to the decrease in estrogen levels, which contributes to bone loss. Men can also be affected by osteoporosis, but it is more common in women. Getting sufficient calcium during early adulthood can reduce the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. Osteoporosis is associated with a significantly increased risk of fractures.

Question 12

Which of the following is a condition of primary aging characterized by loss of bone mass and brittle, porous bones?

Accepted Answer

Osteoporosis is a condition where there is loss of bone mass and density, which results in brittle, porous bones. It is a common condition of primary aging. Perthes' disease is a condition that affects the hip joint in children. Hypothyroidism is a condition where the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone, which can cause a variety of symptoms including fatigue, weight gain, and depression. Rickets is a condition in children where there is inadequate mineralization or hardening of the bones, which can result in bone deformities.

Question 13

What is the leading cause of death among adults in the United States?

Accepted Answer

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the leading cause of death among adults in the United States is cardiovascular disease, which includes conditions like coronary artery disease, heart attacks, and strokes. Other health issues like obesity, diabetes, and high blood pressure can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

Question 14

What is the condition that results from degeneration of the auditory nerves and inner ear structures, so that an individual loses the ability to hear sounds of high and very low frequencies?

Accepted Answer

Presbycusis is the condition that results from degeneration of the auditory nerves and inner ear structures, causing loss of high and very low frequency hearing. Tinnitus refers to ringing in the ears, auricularis is not a medical condition, and while auditory neuropathy can also cause hearing loss, it is specifically characterized by problems in the transmission of signals from the inner ear to the brain.

Question 15

Which of the following represents the BEST example of the Type A personality characteristic that is most strongly linked to cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

Hostility and anger, as demonstrated by Jack, are the Type A personality traits most strongly linked to cardiovascular disease.

Question 16

What is the most common mechanism that causes heart disease?

Accepted Answer

The most common mechanism that causes heart disease is decreasing oxygen supply to the heart due to the build-up of plaque on artery walls. This can lead to blockages or narrowing of arteries, reducing blood flow to the heart muscle and causing various forms of heart disease such as coronary artery disease.

Question 17

What is the condition that results when the lens of the eye thickens and becomes less elastic?

Accepted Answer

Presbyopia is the condition that results when the lens of the eye thickens and becomes less elastic. This usually occurs as a natural part of aging and makes it harder for the eye to focus on nearby objects.

Question 18

Lorn is not particularly worried about setting the world on fire. He takes his time and is fairly laid back in most cases. He's not the least bit competitive and seems to just take things as they come. Lorn would be considered to be a

Accepted Answer

Lorn's laid back attitude, lack of competitiveness, and tendency to take things as they come suggest that he has a Type B personality. Type B personalities are characterized by lower levels of stress, a more relaxed approach to life, and a preference for taking their time rather than rushing into things.

Question 19

Which of the following is accurate concerning the risk factors for cardiovascular disease?

Accepted Answer

The more high-risk behaviors or characteristics a person has, the higher the person's risk of heart disease is accurate. A person's risk of developing cardiovascular disease increases with the number of risk factors they have, including smoking, high cholesterol, high blood pressure, obesity, diabetes, and physical inactivity. The other options are inaccurate.

Question 20

Adella has never had anything but perfect vision, but shortly after her 40th birthday, she noticed it was getting more and more difficult to read the morning newspaper - as if her arms were not long enough to hold the paper far enough away to get it in focus. If Adella visits her ophthalmologist, she will likely be diagnosed with which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Adella is experiencing presbyopia, which is a natural age-related deterioration of the ability of the eyes to focus on nearby objects. Glaucoma is a disease that damages the optic nerve, stereopsis is the ability to perceive depth perception, and presbycusis is age-related hearing loss, none of which are related to Adella's symptoms.

Quiz 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Adulthood