Question 1

Laura is a critically ill patient. She is 5'4" tall and weighs 150 pounds. What are Laura's protein needs?​

Accepted Answer

Laura's protein needs would be higher due to her critical illness. The range for critically ill patients is 1.2-2.0 g/kg of body weight per day. Converting Laura's weight to kilograms (150 lbs ÷ 2.205 = 68.04 kg), her protein needs would be 82-136 g per day. Therefore, the best choice is C.

Question 2

The protein needs of a non-obese critically ill patient would be _____.​

Accepted Answer

Critically ill patients have increased protein needs due to stress, inflammation, and the need for tissue repair. The recommended range is 1.2-2.0 g/kg body weight per day to support these physiological demands.

Question 3

A COPD patient who complains of abdominal discomfort and dyspnea may benefit from _____.​

Accepted Answer

Small, frequent meals can help alleviate abdominal discomfort and dyspnea in COPD patients because they can help to prevent overeating, which can put pressure on the diaphragm and decrease lung capacity. Additionally, small, frequent meals can help to prevent feelings of fullness and bloating, which can exacerbate gastrointestinal symptoms.

Question 4

What describes the immediate care concerns of the clinician during a patient's time of severe stress?​

Accepted Answer

During a patient's time of severe stress, one of the primary concerns for the clinician is to restore fluids and electrolytes. This is because stress can lead to dehydration and electrolyte imbalances, which can cause further health complications. Providing nutrition therapy and educating the patient about nutrient needs can be important in the long-term management of the patient's health, but immediate care concerns during a time of severe stress should focus on restoring fluid and electrolyte balance. Psychological counseling and determining the patient's level of understanding about his condition may also be important, but these concerns are secondary to the immediate need to restore fluids and electrolytes.

Question 5

Nutrition therapy for management of COPD involves _____.​

Accepted Answer

Nutrition therapy for management of COPD involves improving food intake to maintain optimal nutritional status, prevent weight loss, and promote muscle mass. While weight gain may be beneficial in some cases, it is not always the goal. Supporting wound healing may be a consideration for some patients with COPD, but it is not a primary focus of nutrition therapy. Relieving chronic cough and decreasing supplemental oxygen needs are not directly related to nutrition therapy.

Question 6

Which amino acid may have beneficial effects on surgical healing of postoperative patients?​

Accepted Answer

Arginine has been shown to have beneficial effects on surgical healing. It can increase collagen deposition, improve wound strength, and enhance immune function.

Question 7

When caring for a patient who is suffering from acute illness and metabolic stress, how would clinicians best estimate protein and energy needs?​

Accepted Answer

The best way to estimate protein and energy needs for a patient suffering from acute illness and metabolic stress is to adjust their nutrient intakes according to their responses. Since every patient is different, it is important to evaluate their individual responses to determine the most appropriate levels of protein and energy intake. This approach helps to prevent underfeeding or overfeeding, which can both be harmful to the patient's recovery. It is also important to monitor the patient's nutritional status and adjust their nutrient intake as needed to support their recovery.

Question 8

What complication is most closely associated with severe cases of SIRS or sepsis?​

Accepted Answer

Severe cases of SIRS or sepsis are commonly associated with fluid retention due to increased capillary permeability and decreased lymphatic drainage. This can lead to tissue edema, hypovolemic shock, and respiratory distress. Other complications may include metabolic disturbances, organ dysfunction, and disseminated intravascular coagulation.

Question 9

Excessive kcalorie intake in COPD patients may _____.​

Accepted Answer

Excessive calorie intake can lead to increased weight gain, which puts additional strain on the respiratory system in COPD patients, leading to increased respiratory distress.

Question 10

In critically ill patients, a high intake of _____ may suppress immune function and increase the risk of developing infections.​

Accepted Answer

The answer of In critically ill patients, a high intake...

Question 11

Emphysema associated with COPD is most often diagnosed by _____.​

Accepted Answer

Emphysema associated with COPD is typically diagnosed based on clinical signs and lung function tests. Symptoms such as shortness of breath and wheezing, along with abnormalities in lung function tests such as reduced forced expiratory volume over one second (FEV1) and decreased ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC), are used to diagnose emphysema and other forms of COPD. Serial chest x-rays may be used to assess the progression of the disease, but are not typically used to diagnose COPD. Oxygen saturation readings and 24-hour halter monitoring are not specific tests for emphysema or COPD. Culture and sensitivity of mucus samples may be used to identify underlying infections or exacerbations in patients with COPD, but are not used to diagnose emphysema.

Question 12

A 25-year-old woman is critically ill after surviving a motor vehicle accident. The patient is 5'4" and weighs 120 pounds. This patient's energy needs would require how many kcalories for energy?​

Accepted Answer

Critically ill patients often require increased energy intake to support recovery. For a critically ill patient, the recommendation is typically 25-30 kcal/kg body weight per day. This range helps to meet the elevated metabolic demands caused by stress, injury, and the healing process.

Question 13

Adequate fluid intake will help the person with COPD by _____.​

Accepted Answer

Adequate fluid intake can help prevent the secretion of overly thick mucus in the airways, making it easier for the person with COPD to breathe. This can also decrease the risk of respiratory infections. However, fluid intake alone may not have a significant impact on carbon dioxide output, oxygen consumption, weight loss, or reducing abdominal distention in COPD patients.

Question 14

In critically ill patients, _____ is used to measure the resting metabolic rate (RMR).​

Accepted Answer

Indirect calorimetry is the best choice for measuring the resting metabolic rate in critically ill patients because it is the most accurate and reliable method. It involves measuring the amount of oxygen consumed and carbon dioxide produced by the patient, which allows for calculation of their resting energy expenditure.

Question 15

The most common risk factor associated with development of COPD is _____.​

Accepted Answer

Cigarette smoking is the most common risk factor associated with development of COPD.

Question 16

Which amino acid has been shown to have beneficial effects on critically ill patients?​

Accepted Answer

Glutamine has been shown to have beneficial effects on critically ill patients, such as reducing inflammation and improving immune function. Studies have also found that glutamine supplementation can improve nitrogen balance and decrease the length of hospital stays for critically ill patients. All other amino acids listed have not been specifically shown to have these benefits in critically ill patients.

Question 17

What micronutrient plays a role in immunity and wound healing?​

Accepted Answer

Zinc plays a crucial role in immune function and wound healing. It helps stimulate the production of immune cells, as well as aiding in the healing of damaged tissues. Zinc also has anti-inflammatory properties, which can help reduce the severity of infections and other immune responses.

Question 18

A parenteral feeding should supply no more than _____ milligrams of dextrose per kilogram of body weight per minute to prevent hyperglycemia.​

Accepted Answer

A parenteral feeding should supply no more than 1 milligram of dextrose per kilogram of body weight per minute to prevent hyperglycemia.

Question 19

What method was developed for estimating energy needs in a patient with traumatic injuries?​

Accepted Answer

The Ireton-Jones energy equation was specifically developed for estimating energy needs in critically ill patients, including those with traumatic injuries. It takes into account factors such as age, gender, weight, height, and injury severity. The other options listed are not specifically developed for estimating energy needs in traumatic injury patients.

Question 20

Once patients can tolerate oral feedings, what type of diet is often prescribed?​

Accepted Answer

High-calorie, high-protein diet is often prescribed to support healing and recovery after surgery or illness. This type of diet helps to rebuild and repair tissues, promote wound healing, and prevent muscle loss. High-fiber diet may be gradually introduced to prevent constipation, but the priority is typically to meet the energy and protein needs of the patient. Low-sodium and low-fat diets may be required for patients with specific medical conditions, but are not universally prescribed. Low-carbohydrate diet is typically not recommended for recovery and tissue repair.

Quiz 16: Nutrition in Metabolic and Respiratory Stress

Laura is a critically ill patient. She is 5'4" tall and weighs 150 pounds. What are Laura's protein needs?

The protein needs of a non-obese critically ill patient would be _____.

A COPD patient who complains of abdominal discomfort and dyspnea may benefit from _____.

What describes the immediate care concerns of the clinician during a patient's time of severe stress?

Nutrition therapy for management of COPD involves _____.

Which amino acid may have beneficial effects on surgical healing of postoperative patients?

When caring for a patient who is suffering from acute illness and metabolic stress, how would clinicians best estimate protein and energy needs?

What complication is most closely associated with severe cases of SIRS or sepsis?

Excessive kcalorie intake in COPD patients may _____.

In critically ill patients, a high intake of _____ may suppress immune function and increase the risk of developing infections.

Emphysema associated with COPD is most often diagnosed by _____.

A 25-year-old woman is critically ill after surviving a motor vehicle accident. The patient is 5'4" and weighs 120 pounds. This patient's energy needs would require how many kcalories for energy?

Adequate fluid intake will help the person with COPD by _____.

In critically ill patients, _____ is used to measure the resting metabolic rate (RMR) .

The most common risk factor associated with development of COPD is _____.

Which amino acid has been shown to have beneficial effects on critically ill patients?

What micronutrient plays a role in immunity and wound healing?

A parenteral feeding should supply no more than _____ milligrams of dextrose per kilogram of body weight per minute to prevent hyperglycemia.

What method was developed for estimating energy needs in a patient with traumatic injuries?

Once patients can tolerate oral feedings, what type of diet is often prescribed?