Question 1

A __________ is a currently valued style of behavior, thinking, or appearance that is longer lasting and more widespread than a fad.

Accepted Answer

A fashion is a longer lasting and more widespread style of behavior, thinking, or appearance than a fad. While fads are quickly adopted and abandoned, fashion persists for a significant period and applies to a more significant number of individuals.

Question 2

__________ is the disorientation that people feel when they encounter cultures radically different from their own and believe they cannot depend on their own taken-for-granted assumption about life.

Accepted Answer

Culture shock refers to the psychological and emotional disorientation people experience when encountering a new and unfamiliar culture that challenges their assumptions and understanding of the world. Culture shock is characterized by feelings of anxiety, confusion, frustration, and homesickness, and can affect anyone who travels or moves to a foreign country, encounters different customs or ways of life, or interacts with people from diverse cultural backgrounds.

Question 3

__________ culture consists of classical music, opera, ballet, live theater, and other activities usually patronized by elite audiences, composed primarily of members of the upper-middle and upper classes, who have the time, money, and knowledge assumed to be necessary for its appreciation.

Accepted Answer

High culture refers to activities that are usually patronized by elite audiences, composed primarily of members of the upper-middle and upper classes, who have the time, money, and knowledge assumed to be necessary for its appreciation. Classical music, opera, ballet, and live theater are examples of high culture. The term "high" does not refer to the quality or merit of the culture, but rather its perceived social standing.

Question 4

A strength of the __________ on culture is its focus on the needs of society and the fact that stability is essential for society's continued survival. A shortcoming is its overemphasis on harmony and cooperation.

Accepted Answer

The functionalist perspective views society as a system with interconnected parts that work together to form a harmonious whole. It emphasizes the importance of social order and stability for the continued survival of society. However, its focus on harmony and cooperation can lead to an overlook of societal issues such as inequality and conflict.

Question 5

Recent examples of __________ include Harry Potter wands, SpongeBob SquarePants trading cards, and Lord of the Rings dolls and mugs.

Accepted Answer

The examples given are all related to specific objects that have become popular trends or fads, making "object fads" the best choice.

Question 6

__________ theorists believe that much of what has been written about culture in the Western world is Eurocentric-based on the uncritical assumption that European culture is the true, universal culture in which all the world's people ought to believe.

Accepted Answer

Postmodernist theorists argue that many cultural practices and beliefs are socially constructed and therefore do not reflect any objective truth or universal reality. They criticize Eurocentric perspectives for perpetuating the idea that European culture is superior and should be adopted by other cultures.

Question 7

__________ perspectives are based on the assumption that social life is a continuous struggle in which members of powerful groups seek to control scarce resources. In addition, values and norms help create and sustain the privileged position of the powerful in society while excluding others.

Accepted Answer

The description of social life being a continuous struggle for control of scarce resources and the role of values and norms in sustaining the power of certain groups align with the perspective of conflict theory.

Question 8

According to sociologists, __________ is the practice of judging all other cultures by one's own culture. It is based on the assumption that one's own way of life is superior to all others.

Accepted Answer

The definition provided describes ethnocentrism, which is the belief that one's own culture is superior to others.

Question 9

A __________ is a temporary but widely copied activity followed enthusiastically by large numbers of people. Most are short-lived novelties.

Accepted Answer

A fad fits the description given in the statement. Fads are often driven by a strong emotional appeal and can spread rapidly through social networks and the media. They tend to peak quickly and then fade away, often leaving few lasting cultural impacts.

Question 10

__________ consists of activities, products, and services that are assumed to appeal primarily to members of the middle and working classes. These include rock concerts, spectator sports, movies, and television soap operas and situation comedies.

Accepted Answer

Popular culture refers to activities, products, and services that are intended for and enjoyed by the masses, often in contrast to high culture, which is considered to appeal to more intellectual or elitist tastes. The examples listed in the question, such as rock concerts and TV shows, are all part of popular culture. Nonmaterial culture and material culture refer to different aspects of culture altogether.

Question 11

_______ food refers to crops that are gown without the use of artificial fertilizers or most pesticides and that are processed without ionizing radiation or food additives, and to meat that is raised without antibiotics or growth hormones.

Accepted Answer

The definition given in the statement is a clear description of organic food, which is grown and processed without the use of certain harmful chemicals and additives. The other options mentioned do not fully capture the characteristics of organic food.

Question 12

According to sociologist John Lofland, body piercing, "surfing" the Internet, and fad diets where a person eats large quantities of one specific food such as grapefruit or popcorn are all examples of a/an ___________ fad.

Accepted Answer

These examples all involve a particular activity that people engage in as a fad.

Question 13

"The Order," a white supremacist group, is opposed to most of the values of the dominant society and has purchased weapons with the purpose of going after its enemies. This group can best be described as a __________.

Accepted Answer

The group's opposition to the values of the dominant society and their intention to use violence to achieve their goals align with the definition of a counterculture.

Question 14

According to sociologists, __________ is the belief that the behaviors and customs of any society must be viewed and analyzed by the culture's own standards.

Accepted Answer

Cultural relativism is the belief that one should not judge another culture based on one's own cultural standards, but instead view and analyze it through the lens of that culture's own standards. Cultural xenocentrism involves the opposite belief that other cultures are superior, authoritarianism refers to a system of government or leadership, and reverse ethnocentrism is not a commonly used term in sociology.

Question 15

Groups such as the beatniks of the 1950s, the drug enthusiasts of the 1970s, and members of religious cults reject some or many of culture's basic norms and values. These groups are called

Accepted Answer

Countercultures are groups that reject some or many of the basic norms and values of the dominant culture. They often have their own values, beliefs, and practices that are in opposition to those of the dominant culture. Contracultures, on the other hand, are groups that actively oppose and resist the dominant culture. Secondary cultures refer to the various subcultures that exist within a larger society, while subcultures are groups that share some of the values and beliefs of the dominant culture but also have their own unique values, beliefs, and practices.

Question 16

During Olympic Games, competition and the spirits of nationalism and patriotism encourage people to think of their own nation as "the best." This illustrates the principle of __________.

Accepted Answer

Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's culture or nation is superior to others. During the Olympics, the competition between nations can lead to a sense of national pride, which can lead to ethnocentric thinking.

Question 17

When anthropologist Napoleon Chagnon first confronted the Yanomamo tribe of South America, he became nauseated at the sight of their customs and social environment. Chagnon experienced __________.

Accepted Answer

Chagnon's reaction to the Yanomamo tribe was due to culture shock, a feeling of disorientation and discomfort when encountering a new culture different from one's own.

Question 18

Anthropologist Bronislaw Malinowski suggested that culture helps people meet their needs. Which of the following need categories did Malinowski not identify?

Accepted Answer

Malinowski did identify instrumental needs (such as law and education), biological needs (such as food and procreation), and integrative needs (such as religion and art), but he did not specifically identify expressive needs as a separate category. However, motivation and emotion could arguably fall under the umbrella of instrumental or integrative needs.

Question 19

From the __________ perspectives, people create, maintain, and modify culture as they go about their everyday activities. People continually negotiate their social realities. Values and norms are not independent realities that automatically determine our behavior. Instead, we reinterpret them in each social situation we encounter.

Accepted Answer

This description aligns with the perspective of symbolic interactionism, which emphasizes the importance of individual interpretation and negotiation of meaning in social interactions.

Question 20

Soccer is an example of a __________ in sports. Until recently, only schoolchildren played soccer in the United States. Now, it has become a popular sport, perhaps in part because of immigrants from Latin America and other areas of the world where soccer is widely played.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Soccer is an example of a __________...

Quiz 2: Culture.