Question 1

Historically, the most common __________ statuses for women have related to positions in the family, such as daughter, wife, and mother.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Historically, the most common __________ statuses for...

Question 2

__________ occurs when the expectations associated with a role are unclear.

Accepted Answer

Role ambiguity occurs when the expectations associated with a role are unclear or not well-defined, leading to confusion and uncertainty about what is expected from the person in that role. This can result in anxiety, stress, and job dissatisfaction for the individual as they struggle to figure out what they are supposed to do, how to do it, and how they will be evaluated.

Question 3

__________ is how a person actually plays a role.

Accepted Answer

Role performance refers to how a person actually plays a role, which may or may not match what is expected of them (role expectation) or what is considered acceptable (expected behavior or normative evaluation).

Question 4

Research has found that women who engage in behavior that is gender-typed as "masculine," such as a female student-athlete, tend to have higher rates of __________, than those who engage in traditional "feminine" behavior.

Accepted Answer

Engaging in behavior that goes against traditional gender norms can lead to conflict between one's gender identity and their role expectations, which can result in role conflict. Therefore, women who engage in masculine behavior, such as being a student-athlete, may experience higher rates of role conflict compared to those who engage in traditional "feminine" behavior.

Question 5

It is not always clear when the provider-dependent aspect of the parent-child relationship ends. Should it end at age 18 or 21? When a person is no longer in school? When the expectations associated with a role are unclear, __________ occurs.

Accepted Answer

Role ambiguity occurs when the expectations associated with a role are unclear or uncertain, which can lead to confusion and stress for those involved. In this case, it is not clear when the provider-dependent aspect of the parent-child relationship ends, causing ambiguity in the roles and expectations of both parents and children.

Question 6

Some statuses have __________ that are highly specific, such as that of surgeons or college professors, other statuses, such as friend or significant other, are less-structured.

Accepted Answer

Role expectations are highly specific for some statuses such as that of surgeons or college professors, while they are less-structured for other statuses such as friend or significant other. Collective judgments are evaluations of individuals or groups based on common expectations or standards, which are not necessarily specific to a particular status. Role performances refer to how individuals carry out the expectations associated with their status, while status expectations are the expectations associated with a particular status regardless of how well individuals perform them.

Question 7

__________ may focus on the problems of one homeless family, describing how the parents and kids live in a car and eat meals from a soup kitchen. Often what is not shown is the "big picture" of homelessness.

Accepted Answer

Episodic framing focuses on individual cases or events rather than the broader context or systemic issues. This type of framing may present a narrow view of the issue of homelessness by only presenting one family's experiences without providing a larger perspective on the overall problem.

Question 8

Historically for men, occupation has usually been the most common __________. Occupation provides important clues to a person's educational level, income, and family background.

Accepted Answer

Historically, occupation has often been considered a master status for men, as it plays a significant role in defining their identity and social standing.

Question 9

When people are proud of a particular social status that they occupy, they often choose to use visible means to let others know about their position. __________ are material signs that inform others of a person's specific status.

Accepted Answer

Status symbols are visible material signs that communicate a person's specific social status to others. Examples include luxury vehicles, designer clothing, and expensive watches. Occupations indicators may also communicate status, but they are not exclusively material in nature, and may include things like job titles and level of education. Consumables refer to products that are consumed, like food or drink, and are not necessarily indicators of social status. Conspicuous possessions are a similar concept to status symbols, but refer specifically to possessions that are intentionally displayed to communicate status.

Question 10

A __________ is a set of behavioral expectations associated with a given status.

Accepted Answer

A role refers to the behavior or set of expectations associated with a particular status, such as a teacher's role of instructing students or a doctor's role of providing medical care. A position refers to the rank or level of authority within an organization, while a character refers to a person's traits or personality. A value refers to a person's beliefs or principles.

Question 11

Occupying the status of a college student means that one's behavior will include attending class, completing assignments, and devoting a lot of time to personal enrichment through academic study. This behavior is referred to as a __________.

Accepted Answer

The behavior described in the statement is a role, which refers to the set of expectations and behaviors associated with a particular position or status, in this case, the status of a college student. The other answer options do not accurately capture this concept. A position refers to a person's place or rank within an organization, a character refers to a person's personality traits, and a label is a word or phrase used to identify or describe someone or something.

Question 12

A carpenter (employee) hired to remodel a kitchen is not expected to sit down uninvited and join the family (employer) for dinner. This is an example of a __________.

Accepted Answer

This scenario illustrates a "role," which refers to the expected behavior and responsibilities associated with a particular social position or job. The carpenter's role does not include joining the family for dinner, as it is outside the professional boundaries of their work.

Question 13

When __________ occurs, we may feel pulled in different directions. We may prioritize our roles and first complete the one we consider to be most important. Or we may compartmentalize our lives and "insulate" our various roles.

Accepted Answer

Role conflict occurs when individuals face competing demands from multiple roles they occupy, leading to stress and difficulty in meeting expectations. In response to this conflict, individuals may prioritize roles, or attempt to keep them separate through compartmentalization.

Question 14

A(n) __________ status is a social position a person assumes voluntarily as a result of personal choice, merit, or direct effort.

Accepted Answer

Achieved status is a social position that is attained by personal choice, merit, or direct effort. It depends on an individual's abilities and talents, rather than the circumstances of their birth or other factors beyond their control. Examples of achieved status include a doctor, a lawyer, an athlete, or an artist.

Question 15

In relation to media framing about the problem of homelessness, __________ presents public issues such as poverty and homelessness as concrete events, showing them to be specific instances that occur more or less in isolation.

Accepted Answer

Episodic framing presents social problems as individual, isolated, and disconnected events without examining the underlying structural causes. In the case of homelessness, it focuses on individual stories and events rather than the larger social, economic, and political factors that contribute to the problem, such as lack of affordable housing, poverty, and social inequality.

Question 16

Wearing a wedding ring proclaims that a person is married, and owning a Rolls-Royce announces that one has "made it." These are examples of __________.

Accepted Answer

These are both examples of status symbols, which are objects or signs that indicate a person's social standing or position. A wedding ring signifies that someone is married, while owning a luxury car like a Rolls-Royce suggests that someone has achieved a high level of wealth and success.

Question 17

On December 7ᵗʰ, Charles has a final exam at 7:00 p.m., when he is supposed to be working. Meanwhile, Stephanie (his girlfriend) is pressuring him to take her to a movie. To top it off, his mother calls, asking him to fly home because his father is going to have emergency surgery. Sociologists would say that Charles is experiencing __________.

Accepted Answer

Charles is experiencing role conflict as he is simultaneously expected to fulfill different roles that are conflicting with each other - as a student, a boyfriend, and a son.

Question 18

According to sociologist Everett Hughes, a(n) __________ status is the most important status a person occupies; it dominates all of the individual's other statuses and is the overriding ingredient in determining a person's general social position.

Accepted Answer

Everett Hughes refers to the concept of a "master status," which is the most significant status a person holds and generally trumps all other statuses in terms of determining their social position. This can be a status that is either ascribed (assigned at birth, such as race or gender) or achieved (earned through personal effort, such as occupation or education).

Question 19

In relation to media framing about the problem of homelessness, __________ refers to news stories that focus primarily on statistics about the homeless population and recent trends in homelessness.

Accepted Answer

Thematic framing refers to news stories that focus primarily on statistics and trends related to a specific issue. In this case, the issue is homelessness. Thematic framing is often used in media coverage of social problems to provide context and background information. It may also include personal stories or anecdotes to humanize the issue. Semantic framing refers to the language and terminology used to describe a particular issue, and is not specific to homelessness. Sociological framing involves analyzing social phenomena from a sociological perspective, which may be used in media coverage but is not specific to homelessness. Procedural framing refers to news stories that focus on the decision-making processes of government, organizations, or individuals, and is not specific to homelessness.

Question 20

__________ include stories about changes in the U. S. poverty rate and articles about states and cities that have had the largest increases in poverty. Most articles of this type are abstract and impersonal, primarily presenting data and some expert's interpretation of what those data mean.

Accepted Answer

Thematic framing involves presenting issues in a broader context, often using data and expert analysis, which aligns with the description of articles about poverty rates and increases.

Quiz 4: Social Structure and Interaction in Everyday Life.