Question 1

In preindustrial societies, kinship is usually traced through one parent (unilineally). The most common pattern of unilineal descent is __________, which is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family.

Accepted Answer

Patrilineal descent is the most common pattern of unilineal descent in preindustrial societies. It involves tracing descent through the father's side of the family, meaning that a person's identity, rights, and obligations are based on their father's lineage. This system is often associated with patriarchal societies, where men hold more power and authority than women.

Question 2

Comparing 1970 data with 2003 data, the Census Bureau identified a noticeable trend in the decline of married-couple households with their own children living with them. This type of household decreased from about 40 percent in 1970 to about __________ in 2003.

Accepted Answer

In 2003, married-couple households with their own children living with them decreased to about 23 percent, reflecting a significant decline from 40 percent in 1970.

Question 3

In a(n) __________, the male authority figure acts as head of the household and holds power and authority over the women and children, as well as over other males.

Accepted Answer

In a patriarchal family, the male figure acts as the head of the household and holds power over the women and children, as well as over other males. This type of family structure is characterized by a strong hierarchy where the father is the primary decision-maker and has the most authority.

Question 4

Kinship in industrial societies is usually traced through both parents (bilineally). The most common form is __________, which is a system of tracing descent through both the mother's and father's sides of the family.

Accepted Answer

Bilateral descent is a system of tracing kinship through both parents, which is the most common form in industrial societies. Bitriarchal, bitricentric, and bitrilocal are not terms commonly used in discussing kinship systems.

Question 5

__________ descent is used in the United States for the purpose of determining kinship and inheritance rights; however, children typically take the father's last name.

Accepted Answer

Bilateral descent is a system of family lineage in which both the father's and mother's sides are considered equal for determining kinship and inheritance rights. However, this does not dictate naming conventions, and children may still take their father's last name.

Question 6

__________ is very rare. When it does occur, it is typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women because of high rates of female infanticide.

Accepted Answer

Polyandry, or a system where one woman is married to multiple men, is very rare and typically found in societies where men greatly outnumber women due to high rates of female infanticide. In such societies, multiple brothers may share a wife as a way to ensure that their family line is continued.

Question 7

__________ is a legally recognized and/or socially approved arrangement between two or more individuals that carries certain rights and obligations and usually involves sexual activity.

Accepted Answer

Marriage is the only option that fits the description of a legally recognized and socially approved arrangement between individuals that typically involves sexual activity. Cohabitation is living together without the legal recognition of marriage, trial separation refers to a period of time when a married couple lives apart to decide if they want to continue the marriage, and monogamous experimentation is not a recognized or approved arrangement.

Question 8

__________ is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men.

Accepted Answer

Polyandry is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men. Endogamy refers to the practice of marrying within one's own social group, while homogamy refers to the tendency for people to marry others who are similar to them. Polygyny, on the other hand, is the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women.

Question 9

Several types of familial power and authority have been identified. Which of the following was not a type of familial power and authority identified?

Accepted Answer

Patriarchy, matriarchy, and egalitarianism are common types of familial power and authority that have been identified in sociological research. Homogamous, on the other hand, is not a type of familial power and authority. Homogamy refers to the practice of marrying someone who has similar characteristics to oneself, such as age, education, and social status. While homogamy can affect power dynamics within a family, it is not a type of power or authority in its own right.

Question 10

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female (usually the mother).

Accepted Answer

A matriarchal family is the family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female, usually the mother. The term "matriarchal" is derived from the Latin word "mater" which means "mother." In such families, women typically hold primary power, predominate in roles of political leadership, moral authority, and social privilege.

Question 11

In __________ systems, inheritance of property and position is usually traced from the maternal uncle (mother's brother) to his nephew (mother's son). In some cases, mothers may pass on their property to daughters.

Accepted Answer

Matrilineal systems trace inheritance through the mother's line, and property and position are often passed down from the mother's brother to his nephew. However, in some cases, mothers may pass down their property to daughters as well. Matricentric refers to a society or culture in which the mother holds central importance, while matrilocal refers to a system where the husband moves to live with the wife's family. Matriarchal refers to a system where women hold power and authority over men.

Question 12

In the United States, the only legally sanctioned form of marriage is __________ which refers to a marriage between two partners, usually a woman and a man.

Accepted Answer

Monogamy is the only legally sanctioned form of marriage in the United States, which refers to a marriage between two partners, usually a woman and a man. Homogamy refers to a marriage between two partners who are similar in terms of age, education, social class, and other important demographic characteristics. Polygamy refers to a marriage in which a person has more than one spouse, which is illegal in the United States. Polyandry refers to a marriage in which a woman has more than one husband, which is also illegal in the United States.

Question 13

The most prevalent form of polygamy is __________.

Accepted Answer

Polygyny is the most prevalent form of polygamy worldwide where a man is married to multiple women. Polyandry (a woman married to multiple men) is much less common. Homogamy refers to marriage between individuals who are similar in characteristics such as age, education, and socioeconomic status. Endogamy is the practice of marrying within one's own social, cultural, or ethnic group. Neither homogamy nor endogamy refer specifically to polygamy.

Question 14

Bubba married his high school sweetheart and they have been faithful to each other for 30 years. Their marriage is considered to be __________.

Accepted Answer

A monogamous marriage is a union between two individuals who have pledged their full commitment and faithfulness to each other. This describes Bubba's marriage to his high school sweetheart. A polygamous marriage involves one person being married to multiple partners at the same time, a homogamous marriage refers to a union between two people who share similar characteristics, and polyandry is a marriage in which a woman has multiple husbands at the same time.

Question 15

__________ is the concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members of the opposite sex.

Accepted Answer

Polygamy is the practice of having multiple spouses, and can take the form of polygyny (one man with multiple wives) or polyandry (one woman with multiple husbands). This is different from monogamy (marriage between two people) and homogamy (marriage between people of the same sex), and endogamy (marriage within a specific social group or caste).

Question 16

__________ is the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women.

Accepted Answer

Polygyny refers to the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women. Endogamy refers to marrying within one's own social, cultural, or ethnic group. Polyandry refers to the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men. Homogamy refers to marrying someone with similar characteristics such as race, education, religion or social status.

Question 17

__________ systems are set up in such a manner that a legitimate son inherits his father's property and sometimes his position upon the father's death.

Accepted Answer

Patrilineal systems are based on male inheritance, meaning that the property and sometimes positions are passed down from father to son. This is different from patrilocal, which refers to the custom of a married woman moving to her husband's family home, and patriarchy, which refers to a social system in which men hold positions of power. Patricentric is not a term commonly used in anthropology.

Question 18

Even with the less common pattern of __________, which is a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family, women may not control property.

Accepted Answer

Matrilineal descent is a system of tracing descent through the mother's side of the family, but it does not necessarily guarantee that women will have control over property.

Question 19

Through a pattern of marriage, divorce, and remarriage, some people practice __________-a succession of marriages in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime but is legally married to only one person at a time.

Accepted Answer

Serial monogamy refers to the pattern of having multiple spouses over a lifetime, but only being legally married to one at a time. Sequential coupling is not a widely recognized term, and marriage seriation does not accurately describe this pattern. Polygamy refers to having multiple simultaneous spouses.

Question 20

A(n) __________ family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father).

Accepted Answer

A patriarchal family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male (usually the father).

Quiz 11: Families and Intimate Relationships.

In preindustrial societies, kinship is usually traced through one parent (unilineally) . The most common pattern of unilineal descent is __________, which is a system of tracing descent through the father's side of the family.