Question 1

Some protests take the form of __________, which is nonviolent action that seeks to change a policy or law by refusing to comply with it.

Accepted Answer

Civil disobedience involves intentionally breaking a law or refusing to comply with a policy in a nonviolent manner as a means of bringing attention to the injustice of the law or policy and ultimately advocating for change. Civil insubordination implies a more confrontational approach, while civil rebellion suggests violent uprising. Civil dismissiveness is not a recognized form of protest.

Question 2

According to the contagion theory, which of the following statements is valid?

Accepted Answer

The contagion theory suggests that crowds can take on a life of their own that transcends individual beliefs and actions. This can lead to the spread of emotions, behaviors, and beliefs among the members of the crowd, often resulting in irrational or antisocial actions. The theory does not support the ideas expressed in choices A, C, or D.

Question 3

Love Canal residents were engaging in __________ behavior when they called attention to their problems with the chemical dump site by staging a protest in which they "burned in effigy" the governor and the health commissioner to emphasize their displeasure with the lack of response from these public officials.

Accepted Answer

The term "mob" typically refers to a large group of people who behave in a turbulent and disorderly way, often with a specific purpose or goal in mind. In this case, the Love Canal residents were organized in their protest and sought to draw attention to their concerns in a dramatic way, which could be considered "mob" behavior. The other options - "aggregate," "riot," and "nuclear" - do not seem to fit the specific circumstances described in the question.

Question 4

A(n) __________ is highly emotional crowd whose members engage in, or are ready to engage in, violence against a specific target (such as a person, a category of people, or physical property.)

Accepted Answer

A mob is a highly emotional crowd that is often ready to engage in violence against a specific target or targets. The other options are not specific to violent behavior against a target. A riot is a type of mob, but not all mobs are riots. A collectivity is a group of people who share a common interest or activity, and an aggregate is a collection of individuals who happen to be in the same place at the same time but do not necessarily interact with each other.

Question 5

Sociologists Clark McPhail and Ronald Wohlstein added __________ crowds to the four types of crowds identified by Blumer. These types of crowds engage in activities intended to achieve specific political goals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sociologists Clark McPhail and Ronald Wohlstein added...

Question 6

A(n) __________ is a form of crowd behavior that occurs when a large number of people react to a real or perceived threat with strong emotions and self-destructive behavior.

Accepted Answer

Panic is the correct term for a situation where a large number of people react to a real or perceived threat with strong emotions and self-destructive behavior. This reaction is typically sudden and intense, leading to irrational and chaotic behavior among the affected individuals.

Question 7

__________ crowds are collectivities so intensely focused on a specific purpose or object that they may erupt into violent or destructive behavior.

Accepted Answer

Acting crowds are those that are intensely focused on a specific purpose or object, and this intense focus can sometimes lead to violent or destructive behavior. This differentiates them from other types of crowds, such as protest (focused on expressing disapproval), expressive (focused on the expression of an emotion), and conventional (gathered for a specific, often routine event) crowds.

Question 8

Mobs, riots, and panics are all examples of __________ crowds.

Accepted Answer

Mobs, riots, and panics are typically characterized as acting crowds, which are groups of people who come together to achieve a specific goal or to act out against a common enemy or threat. Casual crowds are those who are in the same place at the same time but do not necessarily interact or share a common purpose. Expressive crowds are groups who come together to express a common emotion or feeling, such as a concert crowd. Conventional crowds are those who come together for a specific purpose, following certain norms or rules, such as a church congregation.

Question 9

__________ focused on crowd psychology and developed the contagion theory.

Accepted Answer

Gustave Le Bon is the sociologist who focused on crowd psychology and developed the contagion theory, which suggests that crowds have a collective mind and are highly susceptible to irrational thoughts and actions.

Question 10

In the 1960s, African American students and sympathetic whites used sit-ins to call attention to racial injustice and demanded social change. When these protests escalated into violent confrontations, these groups became __________ crowds.

Accepted Answer

Acting crowds are those that engage in aggressive or violent behavior to achieve a goal, which aligns with the escalation of protests into violent confrontations.

Question 11

Examples of a(n) __________ include celebrations after sports victories such as those that occurred in St. Louis after the Cardinals defeated the Detroit Tigers in the 2006 Baseball World Series.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Examples of a(n) __________ include celebrations after...

Question 12

__________ argued that people are more likely to engage in antisocial behaviors in a crowd because they are anonymous and feel invulnerable.

Accepted Answer

Gustave Le Bon argued that people are more likely to engage in antisocial behaviors in a crowd because they feel anonymous and invulnerable, and therefore less accountable for their actions. This theory is known as the "group mind" or "crowd psychology."

Question 13

__________ can arise in response to events that people believe are beyond their control, such as a major disruption in the economy. Although they are relatively rare, they receive massive media coverage because they evoke strong feelings of fear in readers and viewers.

Accepted Answer

Panics can arise in response to events that people believe are beyond their control, such as severe economic disruptions. They receive significant media attention and evoke strong feelings of fear in readers and viewers.

Question 14

A(n) __________ is violent crowd behavior that is fueled by deep-seated emotions but not directed at one specific target.

Accepted Answer

A riot is a form of violent crowd behavior that is characterized by chaos and often destruction, but without a clear target. Riots are typically fueled by deep-seated emotions such as frustration, anger, or resentment, and can be sparked by a range of issues, from political or social grievances to sports events or other public gatherings. Unlike a mob or a collectivity, which may have a more specific agenda or focus, a riot is often characterized by a lack of clear goals or objectives.

Question 15

Examples of __________ crowds include sit-ins, marches, boycotts, blockades, and strikes.

Accepted Answer

The word "protest" best describes the type of crowds listed in the sentence, as they all involve a group of people demonstrating their disapproval or opposition to something through nonviolent means. The other options (rebel, revolutionary, militant) may suggest a more aggressive or violent approach to change, which is not necessarily implied by the examples listed.

Question 16

The most common type of __________ occurs when people seek to escape from a perceived danger, fearing that few (if any) of them will be able to get away from that danger.

Accepted Answer

Panic is the most common type of collective behavior that occurs when people seek to escape from a perceived danger, fearing that few (if any) of them will be able to get away from that danger. In a panic, people often act without thinking about the consequences of their actions and may even trample each other in their attempts to flee the danger. A mob, aggregate, or riot may also occur during a panic, but panic is the initial response to the perceived danger.

Question 17

Worshipers at religious revival services and revelers assembled on New Year's Eve at Times Square in New York are both participating in a(n) __________ crowd.

Accepted Answer

The term "expressive crowd" refers to a group of people who come together to express and share emotions and feelings. Religious revival services and New Year's Eve celebrations both involve a shared emotional experience, making them examples of expressive crowds.

Question 18

Sometimes acts of civil disobedience become violent, as in a confrontation between protesters and police officers. In this case, a protest crowd becomes a/an __________ crowd.

Accepted Answer

An acting crowd is a group of people who engage in a specific behavior, such as protesting or rioting. In this case, the protest crowd has transitioned into an acting crowd due to the use of violence, as they are no longer peacefully protesting but engaging in civil disobedience.

Question 19

__________ focuses on the social-psychological aspects of collective behavior; it attempts to explain how moods, attitudes, and behavior are communicated rapidly and why they are accepted by others.

Accepted Answer

Contagion theory focuses on how emotions and behavior spread rapidly and why they are accepted by others. It suggests that individuals in a crowd become emotionally contagious with one another, leading to irrational and impulsive behavior.

Question 20

According to sociologist Robert Park, social unrest is transmitted by a process of __________, which is the interactive communication between persons such that the discontent of one person is communicated to another, who, in turn, reflects the discontent back to the first person.

Accepted Answer

The process described in the question is circular reaction, as defined by Robert Park. Park believed that social unrest is spread through these interactive communications, where one person's discontent is reflected back by another person, creating a circular reaction of emotions and behaviors. Convergence refers to the coming together of people or groups, and mob psychology refers to the behavior of a group or mob, rather than the communicative process described in the question. Emergent norms refer to the new norms that emerge from collective behavior, and do not directly relate to the process of communication between individuals.

Quiz 16: Collective Behavior, Social Movements, and Social Change.