Question 1

Which term is used to describe the frequency with which various offenses or combinations of offenses are committed?

Accepted Answer

The term used to describe the frequency with which various offenses or combinations of offenses are committed is extent.

Question 2

Which of the following crimes is an example of a female-gender-related crime?

Accepted Answer

Sex work is often considered a female-gender-related crime as women make up the overwhelming majority of sex workers. While men can also be victims of certain forms of sex work, such as trafficking, the majority of those engaging in sex work for economic reasons are women.

Question 3

Which of the following crimes is an example of a male-gender-related crime?

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

The type and seriousness of various offenses are addressed via the ______.

Accepted Answer

The nature of offending refers to the characteristics of a specific offense or crime, including the severity and impact of the crime. It is used to determine the appropriate legal response, such as the level of punishment or rehabilitation required. The extent of offending refers to the frequency and duration of criminal behavior, while assumptions and stereotypes about offending can lead to biased and unfair treatment of individuals.

Question 5

The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) measures crime by looking at ______.

Accepted Answer

The UCR measures crime by looking at arrests, not victim injuries, witness statements or court convictions.

Question 6

The most popular data set used to assess crime rates in the United States is ______.

Accepted Answer

The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) is the most widely used data set to assess crime rates in the United States. It is compiled by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and provides official crime statistics for the country. The National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) are also used for this purpose, but to a lesser extent. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODOC) provides crime statistics for countries around the world, but is not specific to the United States.

Question 7

The biggest shortcoming of the UCR and NIBRS is that ______.

Accepted Answer

The UCR and NIBRS only capture crimes that have been reported to the police, leaving out crimes that go unnoticed or unreported. This can create a skewed representation of crime rates and trends.

Question 8

The ______ is survey of representative households from across the country collected by the federal government?

Accepted Answer

NCVS (National Crime Victimization Survey) is a survey conducted by the Bureau of Justice Statistics to gather information on the frequency and nature of crime victimization in the United States. It collects data from a representative sample of households across the country. UCR (Uniform Crime Report) and NIBRS (National Incident-Based Reporting System) are both programs that provide law enforcement agencies with a way to report crime data to the FBI, but they do not involve household surveys. UNODOC (United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime) is an international organization that works to prevent crime and promote justice globally, and is not directly involved in data collection in the United States.

Question 9

How frequently does the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) compile their data?

Accepted Answer

The Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) compile their data yearly.

Question 10

Which of the following statements pertaining to the NIBRS data is true?

Accepted Answer

NIBRS includes domestic violence, as well as other crimes that are not included in the UCR such as drug offenses, white-collar crime, and human trafficking. It is also considered more comprehensive and detailed than the UCR. However, NIBRS is not yet nationally representative data, as not all states and jurisdictions have fully adopted the system. NIBRS does include data on victim injuries.

Question 11

In looking at UCR data from 2009 to 2018, which crime was gender-neutral among all ages, but male-gender-related among youth?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In looking at UCR data from 2009...

Question 12

According to the author, which crimes have always been female-gender-related?

Accepted Answer

The author specifically mentions prostitution and commercialized vice as crimes that have always been associated with females.

Question 13

Harsher policies targeting women and girls in the last third of the 20th century were a result of ______.

Accepted Answer

Harsher policies targeting women and girls in the last third of the 20th century were a result of moral panic, which is a feeling of fear among a large number of people, often triggered by media coverage, about a perceived threat to the moral standards of society. This moral panic led to increased criminalization of women's reproductive rights, stricter dress and behavior codes, and an overall conservative backlash against the progress made by the women's liberation and civil rights movements.

Question 14

In patterns of ______, the gender gap widens over time.

Accepted Answer

In patterns of gender divergence, the gender gap widens over time, indicating increasing differences between genders.

Question 15

Where gender-crime rates approach each other, it is referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

Gender convergence refers to a phenomenon where crime rates between genders become increasingly similar. This suggests that there is a decrease in traditional gender roles and an equalization of opportunities and responsibilities between genders.

Question 16

When gender rates covary; they rise, fall, and stay flat together, it is considered to be a pattern of ______.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When gender rates covary; they rise, fall,...

Question 17

In times of economic depression, which pattern would be expected?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In times of economic depression, which pattern...

Question 18

In a tough-on-crime era, what gender pattern is expected?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a tough-on-crime era, what gender pattern...

Question 19

Which pattern is associated with an increase in differences/gaps in crime rates?

Accepted Answer

Gender divergence is associated with an increase in differences/gaps in crime rates between males and females.

Question 20

Which pattern is consistent with Adler's (1975) and Simon's (1975) women's "liberation" emancipation hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

Adler's and Simon's women's "liberation" emancipation hypothesis suggests that as women experience more gender equality and educational opportunities, they will become more similar to men in their behaviors and attitudes. This trend is consistent with gender convergence, which refers to the narrowing of the gap in traits and behaviors between men and women. Therefore, the best choice is B.

Quiz 4: Accounting for Gendercrime Patterns