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Psychology
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Principles of Psycholog Contemporary Perspectives
Quiz 11: Social-Emotional Development in Children
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Question 61
Short Answer
__________infants show friendliness toward strangers if the mother is present, but wariness if the mother is absent.
Question 62
Short Answer
__________is the dimension of temperament that describes the extent to which an infant or child is able to focus or shift attention, plan actions constructively and inhibit inappropriate behaviour.
Question 63
Short Answer
_________is a form of learning that occurs rapidly during a _________period and which the animal is biologically prepared to acquire.
Question 64
Short Answer
__________is the ability of the primary carer to detect and respond to the non-verbal cues with which the infant signals its needs.
Question 65
Short Answer
According to Coi and Dodge's _________categories of sociometric status. Children who are frequently categorised both as 'liked most' and 'liked least' belong to the _________popularity type.
Question 66
Short Answer
_________security in infants can be measured using a controlled observation called the _______.
Question 67
Short Answer
In younger children friendship can only be defined using _______.
Question 68
Short Answer
Bowlby (1969) suggested that an infant develops an ___________of the social world based largely on their early______.
Question 69
Short Answer
Children as young as __________appear to show interest in their peers, and by __________ they help each other; for example, reaching for objects that another toddler cannot reach
Question 70
Short Answer
O'Brien and Bierman (1988) asked American children and adolescents aged 9, 13, and 16 to describe the nature of friendship groups. The younger participants tended to define friendship groups ____. By adolescence the criterion for belonging to a friendship group had shifted to __________and appearance.
Question 71
Essay
Attachment is a well-researched part of social development. Describe the strange situation task pioneered by Mary Ainsworth, and describe the three different attachment styles that might be observed in a strange situation.
Question 72
Essay
The importance of peer relationships increases throughout childhood. Describe the development of peer relations, and describe factors that may affect sociometric status in children, making reference to how individual differences in children's sociometric status is often measured.
Question 73
Essay
Psychologist Arnold Buss and Geneticist Robert Plomin believed that temperament can be summarised along three dimensions of behaviour. Describe what these three dimensions are, use research to support your answer.