Question 1

Which term does not belong in this group?
A) Experiential
B) Nurture
C) Environmental
D) Hereditary

Accepted Answer

D

Question 2

Yacef is interested in determining whether children develop virtually the same way in Algeria as they do in other parts of the world. Yacef's research deals primarily with the ____________ issue of human development.
A) psychological versus biological forces
B) universal versus context-specific development
C) nature versus nurture
D) continuity versus discontinuity

Accepted Answer

Yacef's research goal is to determine whether development is universal (the same across cultures) or context-specific (determined by culture). This aligns with the universal versus context-specific development issue in human development. The other options (psychological versus biological forces, nature versus nurture, and continuity versus discontinuity) do not directly address Yacef's research question.

Question 3

If you were going to study only psychological influences of human development, you would not research
A) self-esteem.
B) the effects of television on development.
C) the effects of depression on development.
D) cognitive processes.

Accepted Answer

The effects of television on development are not solely psychological influences and also involve environmental influences. Therefore, if you were only studying psychological influences of human development, you would not research the effects of television on development. Self-esteem, the effects of depression on development, and cognitive processes are all psychological influences and would be studied.

Question 4

The notion that development is best described in terms of a series of abrupt shifts in behavior best fits with the _____ approach.
A) Nature
B) Nurture
C) continuity
D) discontinuity

Accepted Answer

The notion that development is best described in terms of abrupt shifts in behavior is consistent with the discontinuity approach, which suggests that development occurs through qualitative changes or stage-like shifts rather than continuous, incremental changes.

Question 5

Benoit is interested in studying the effects of various biological forces on human development. Which of these topics is probably of least interest to him?
A) Cognition
B) Brain maturation
C) Menopause
D) Exercise

Accepted Answer

Cognition is more related to psychological processes rather than biological forces, making it less relevant to Benoit's interest in biological forces on human development.

Question 6

Dr. Arantes uses a biopsychosocial framework for understanding human development. Which position is she most likely to endorse on the nature versus nurture issue?
A) Nature is most important.
B) Nurture is most important.
C) Nature and nurture both play important roles in human development.
D) Neither nature nor nurture is important in the study of human development.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Arantes's use of a biopsychosocial framework suggests that she recognizes the importance of multiple factors in human development, including biological, psychological, and social factors. Therefore, it is most likely that she would endorse the position that both nature and nurture play important roles in human development.

Question 7

Lotte is listening to a lecture in which her professor states, "Genetic and cultural factors are important, but they alone cannot explain the development of human beings." Lotte's professor seems to be supporting
A) the biopsychosocial framework.
B) the position that development is continuous.
C) the notion of universality.
D) discontinuity.

Accepted Answer

The biopsychosocial framework states that multiple factors, including biological, psychological, and sociocultural, influence human development. Lotte's professor suggests that genetic and cultural factors are important, but they alone cannot fully explain development, which aligns with the biopsychosocial framework.

Question 8

Dr. Fletcher is attempting to determine whether adult criminals were rule breakers throughout their childhood, or whether they suddenly turned to a life of crime. Her research is most concerned with which issue of human development?
A) Nature versus nurture
B) Universal versus context-specific development
C) Biological versus sociocultural forces
D) Continuity versus discontinuity

Accepted Answer

Dr. Fletcher's research is focused on the question of continuity versus discontinuity in human development, specifically whether criminal behavior persists throughout the lifespan or abruptly emerges later on.

Question 9

Since Dr. Kim takes a strong nature position concerning the origins of mental retardation, she would most likely hypothesize that her son's mental retardation is due to
A) her parenting style.
B) his genes.
C) his exposure to a toxic chemical prior to birth.
D) random chance.

Accepted Answer

Since Dr. Kim takes a strong nature position, she is likely to believe that mental retardation is largely due to genetics, which means that her son's mental retardation is most likely due to his genes. This would rule out options A, C, and D, as they all suggest environmental or chance factors as possible causes.

Question 10

According to your text, which kind of developmental force has received the most attention?
A) Biological
B) Sociocultural
C) Psychological
D) Biopsychosocial

Accepted Answer

Psychological forces have received the most attention as they encompass cognitive, emotional, and personality development, which are central to understanding human behavior and development.

Question 11

Who is most likely interested in the study of human development?
A) Dr. Harvey, who studies the brain cells of infants
B) Dr. Hatfield, who studies eating disorders
C) Dr. Deal, who studies how political attitudes change with age
D) Dr. Hersh, who studies elderly patients with Alzheimer's disease

Accepted Answer

Dr. Deal is studying how political attitudes change with age, which suggests an interest in the study of human development.

Question 12

Sara believes that memory processes develop the same way in all children. Sara is most likely to support a _____ position regarding human development.
A) universal
B) nurture
C) discontinuous
D) non-normative

Accepted Answer

Sara's belief in the uniform development of memory processes in all children suggests a universal position, which assumes that human development is largely similar across cultures and environments.

Question 13

Which most accurately reflects the nature of the scientific study of human development?
A) Multidisciplinary
B) Focus on groups, not individuals
C) Nontheoretical
D) Emphasis on stability over change

Accepted Answer

The scientific study of human development is multidisciplinary, drawing on theories and methods from fields such as psychology, sociology, biology, and neuroscience.

Answer: B 
 The scientific study of human development focuses on both groups and individuals, recognizing the importance of both broader societal contexts and individual differences and experiences.

Answer: C 
 The scientific study of human development is based on theoretical frameworks that guide research questions, hypotheses, and interpretations of findings.

Answer: D 
 The scientific study of human development recognizes the importance of both stability and change over time, with researchers exploring factors that contribute to both continuity and transformation in development.

Question 14

When asked why her sister Yvonne ended up in jail, Penny says, "She was always a mean, aggressive person. She really liked hurting people." Penny is relying on ________ forces to explain Yvonne's development.
A) sociocultural
B) normative age-graded
C) normative history-graded
D) psychological

Accepted Answer

Penny is relying on psychological forces to explain Yvonne's development, specifically her personality traits of being mean and aggressive.

Question 15

Sophia notices that children seem to mature socially much faster in Argentina than in the United States. Sophia is most likely to support a ________ position regarding human development.
A) nature
B) discontinuous
C) context-specific
D) continuous

Accepted Answer

Sophia's observation suggests that social development is heavily influenced by cultural context, indicating a context-specific position. This observation does not necessarily suggest that development is continuous or discontinuous, nor does it necessarily suggest a purely nature or nurture-based explanation for development.

Question 16

When discussing child development, Olaf uses terms like the "terrible 2s" and the "tranquil 3s." These ideas are most compatible with a ____ view.
A) context-specificity
B) hereditary
C) continuity
D) discontinuity

Accepted Answer

The idea of the "terrible 2s" and the "tranquil 3s" suggests that there is a clear and distinct shift in behavior and development between these ages, which is consistent with the discontinuity view. The context-specificity view focuses more on the influence of cultural and environmental factors, the hereditary view emphasizes genetic factors, and the continuity view suggests that development is gradual and continuous rather than marked by distinct stages.

Question 17

When Kayla says "It doesn't matter if they are French, Swedish, or Chinese, kids are kids," she is espousing a ____ position concerning human development.
A) discontinuous
B) universal
C) nurture
D) context-specific

Accepted Answer

Kayla's statement suggests that there are universal aspects to human development, regardless of cultural or ethnic background.

Question 18

Because Dr. Jefferson is interested in researching how people of different ages are affected by events, it would be most accurate to say that Dr. Jefferson is most interested in studying _____ forces.
A) psychological
B) biological
C) life-cycle
D) sociocultural

Accepted Answer

Life-cycle forces refer to the impact that certain events or changes have on individuals depending on their age or stage in life. Dr. Jefferson's interest in how people of different ages are affected by events aligns with the study of life-cycle forces. The other choices, psychological, biological, and sociocultural forces, do not specifically relate to the impact of events on different age groups.

Question 19

Which does not constitute a "psychological force?"
A) Perception
B) Intelligence
C) Personality
D) Heredity

Accepted Answer

Heredity is a biological force, not a psychological force. Perception, intelligence, and personality all fall under the category of psychological forces.

Question 20

Which question best captures the spirit of most individuals who study human development with regard to the nature/nurture question?
A) How do genes and environmental factors interact in the development of memory processes?
B) Which human behaviors are determined genetically, and which are determined by environmental factors?
C) At what age do environmental factors surpass genetic factors as most important in human development?
D) Which genes are responsible for childhood behavior, and which genes are responsible for adult behavior?

Accepted Answer

This question captures the idea of exploring the interaction of genes and environmental factors in human development, which is a key focus of the nature/nurture debate in the field of human development.

Quiz 1: The Study of Human Development

Which term does not belong in this group?

Yacef is interested in determining whether children develop virtually the same way in Algeria as they do in other parts of the world. Yacef's research deals primarily with the ____________ issue of human development.

If you were going to study only psychological influences of human development, you would not research

The notion that development is best described in terms of a series of abrupt shifts in behavior best fits with the _____ approach.

Benoit is interested in studying the effects of various biological forces on human development. Which of these topics is probably of least interest to him?

Dr. Arantes uses a biopsychosocial framework for understanding human development. Which position is she most likely to endorse on the nature versus nurture issue?

Lotte is listening to a lecture in which her professor states, "Genetic and cultural factors are important, but they alone cannot explain the development of human beings." Lotte's professor seems to be supporting

Dr. Fletcher is attempting to determine whether adult criminals were rule breakers throughout their childhood, or whether they suddenly turned to a life of crime. Her research is most concerned with which issue of human development?

Since Dr. Kim takes a strong nature position concerning the origins of mental retardation, she would most likely hypothesize that her son's mental retardation is due to

According to your text, which kind of developmental force has received the most attention?

Who is most likely interested in the study of human development?

Sara believes that memory processes develop the same way in all children. Sara is most likely to support a _____ position regarding human development.

Which most accurately reflects the nature of the scientific study of human development?

When asked why her sister Yvonne ended up in jail, Penny says, "She was always a mean, aggressive person. She really liked hurting people." Penny is relying on ________ forces to explain Yvonne's development.

Sophia notices that children seem to mature socially much faster in Argentina than in the United States. Sophia is most likely to support a ________ position regarding human development.

When discussing child development, Olaf uses terms like the "terrible 2s" and the "tranquil 3s." These ideas are most compatible with a ____ view.

When Kayla says "It doesn't matter if they are French, Swedish, or Chinese, kids are kids," she is espousing a ____ position concerning human development.

Because Dr. Jefferson is interested in researching how people of different ages are affected by events, it would be most accurate to say that Dr. Jefferson is most interested in studying _____ forces.

Which does not constitute a "psychological force?"

Which question best captures the spirit of most individuals who study human development with regard to the nature/nurture question?