Question 1

Dr. Simpson's students were rightfully upset when he used very accurate weight scales (assessing the poundage of each pupil) to determine their grades in a developmental psychology class because his method of assessment lacked
A) sufficient sample size.
B) reliability.
C) validity.
D) the ability to identify practice effects.

Accepted Answer

The method of using weight scales to determine grades lacks validity because weight has no direct relation to the knowledge or performance in developmental psychology.

Question 2

The notion of "balancing" work and home-life responsibilities is best associated with
A) individual timing of life events in relation to external historical events.
B) the synchronization of individual transitions with collective familial ones.
C) the impact of earlier life events on current conditions.
D) history determining the outcome of life.

Accepted Answer

Balancing work and home-life responsibilities involves coordinating and adapting one's individual transitions with the collective familial transitions. It requires understanding and accommodating the needs of family members while also fulfilling work responsibilities. Individual timing of life events (A) and the impact of earlier events on current conditions (C) can certainly play a role in achieving work-life balance, but the emphasis is on the synchronization with collective familial transitions. History (D) may have some influence but is not directly related to achieving work-life balance.

Question 3

Dr. Lund stages a fire drill at the elementary school in order to study how children respond to potential emergency situations. Dr. Lund's method would best be described as a(n)
A) structured observation.
B) naturalistic observation.
C) self-report.
D) experiment.

Accepted Answer

Dr. Lund is intentionally manipulating the situation (staging a fire drill) in order to observe the children's behavior. This fits the definition of a structured observation, where the researcher creates a specific situation to observe participants' behavior under controlled conditions. Naturalistic observation would involve observing the children in their regular, unaltered environment. Self-report would involve the children reporting their own behavior or feelings during the fire drill. An experiment would involve manipulating variables and testing for cause-and-effect relationships, which is not necessarily Dr. Lund's goal in this scenario.

Question 4

Lisa is getting ready to apply for graduate school. In order to focus on this goal, she is resigning from her posts as editor of the campus newspaper and president of her sorority. These changes in Lisa's life are an example of
A) compensation.
B) elective selection.
C) loss-based selection.
D) self-efficacy.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lisa is getting ready to apply for...

Question 5

The fact that a teen growing up during the Vietnam War will develop in a different manner than a teen growing up during the Iraq War is best explained in terms of
A) multidirectionality.
B) multiple causation.
C) plasticity.
D) historical context.

Accepted Answer

Historical context refers to the unique conditions and events that occur during a particular time period, which can influence the development of individuals growing up during that time. The Vietnam War and the Iraq War were very different historical contexts that likely had unique effects on the development of the teens growing up during those times.

Question 6

Dana studies how individuals' life goals change as people get older and how individuals maintain and enhance these goals. Dana is most likely a proponent of the ____ model.
A) social cognitive
B) ecological
C) epigenetic
D) selective optimization with compensation

Accepted Answer

The selective optimization with compensation model argues that with age, people selectively focus on goals that are most important to them, optimize their performance in these areas, and compensate for declines in other areas. This is consistent with Dana's focus on studying how individuals' life goals change as they age and how they maintain and enhance these goals.

Question 7

Which method of measuring behavior is most effective at directly studying brain activity?
A) Physiological measures
B) Self-reports
C) Naturalistic observation
D) Sampling behavior with tasks

Accepted Answer

Physiological measures, such as EEG, fMRI, and PET scans, are the most effective methods of directly studying brain activity. These measures can detect changes in brain function and activity, providing insight into the neural correlates of behavior. Self-reports, naturalistic observation, and sampling behavior with tasks may provide valuable information, but they do not directly measure brain activity in the same way that physiological measures do.

Question 8

Dr. Ims studies how children think about television by asking them to answer several questions related to their television viewing. It is most likely that Dr. Ims's research involves using a(n) _________ method.
A) naturalistic observation
B) structured observation
C) experiment
D) self-report

Accepted Answer

The fact that Dr. Ims is asking children to answer questions about their television viewing suggests that the research involves self-report, as the children are providing information about themselves and their experiences with television. Naturalistic and structured observation methods typically involve observing behavior without direct interaction or questioning of participants, while experiments involve manipulating variables to test causation.

Question 9

Which method of measuring behavior is most likely to be used in combination with other behavioral measures?
A) Physiological measures
B) Self-reports
C) Naturalistic observation
D) Sampling behavior with tasks

Accepted Answer

Physiological measures are often used in combination with other behavioral measures, such as self-reports or naturalistic observation, to provide a more complete understanding of behavior. For example, if a researcher is studying relaxation techniques, they may use physiological measures like heart rate or EEG in combination with self-reports to determine the effectiveness of the technique.

Question 10

Dr. Nuriama is interested in studying the way people spend their time when they are in their own homes alone. Which method is Dr. Nuriama most likely to use for this study?
A) Physiological measures
B) Naturalistic observation
C) Structured observation
D) Self-reports

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dr. Nuriama is interested in studying the...

Question 11

The fact that George is worried about how the recession will impact his current job status is best associated with
A) individual timing of life events in relation to external historical events.
B) the synchronization of individual transitions with collective familial ones.
C) the impact of earlier life events on current conditions.
D) history determining the outcome of life.

Accepted Answer

George's worry about the recession impacting his job status is an example of how an external historical event is affecting his individual timing of life events, such as his career trajectory. This is in line with the concept of individual timing in relation to external historical events. The other options provided do not accurately depict the situation.

Question 12

The selective optimization with compensation model is primarily associated with the _____ perspective.
A) cognitive-developmental
B) ecological
C) psychodynamic
D) life-span

Accepted Answer

The selective optimization with compensation model is primarily associated with the life-span perspective. This model suggests that as individuals age, they selectively optimize and compensate in various areas of their lives to adapt to changes and maintain functionality.

Question 13

Patti studies the behavior of preschool children by watching them play at a local daycare center. While doing this, she is careful to find a spot where she will be completely unnoticed by the individuals she is observing. Patti is most likely using a ________ approach to studying the children.
A) structured observation
B) correlational
C) self-report
D) naturalistic observation

Accepted Answer

Patti is using naturalistic observation because she is observing the preschool children in their natural environment (at a local daycare center) without manipulating or interfering with their behavior. She is also making sure she remains unnoticed to prevent her presence from influencing their behavior.

Question 14

Carrie is most interested in studying adolescent behavior occurring at a high school prom. Which method is most likely to help her accomplish this goal?
A) Structured observation
B) Naturalistic observation
C) Self-report
D) Experiment

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation allows for the observation of behavior in a natural setting without interference or manipulation from the researcher. This would be the most appropriate method for studying adolescent behavior at a high school prom as it would provide insight into actual behavior that occurs in this setting. Structured observation, self-report, and experiment may also be useful in certain contexts but would not be as appropriate for studying natural behavior in a prom setting.

Question 15

Carrie takes notes on the behaviors exhibited by college students attending a frat party. This study would best be described as
A) longitudinal.
B) systematic observational.
C) experimental.
D) sequential.

Accepted Answer

The study is best described as systematic observational, as Carrie is observing and taking notes on the behaviors exhibited by college students at a frat party. Longitudinal studies involve observing the same group of individuals over an extended period of time, experimental studies involve manipulating variables to determine cause and effect relationships, and sequential studies involve combining cross-sectional and longitudinal approaches.

Question 16

Aislinn wonders if the attack on New York on September 11, 2001 will impact the career goals of individuals who were adolescents at the time of the attack. This kind of question is one that best reflects a(n) _________ perspective.
A) cognitive-developmental
B) life-course
C) social cognitive
D) operant conditioning

Accepted Answer

A life-course perspective considers how historical events can shape an individual's life trajectory and career goals. The September 11th attack was a significant historical event that could potentially impact the career goals of those who were adolescents at the time. A cognitive-developmental perspective focuses on how individuals' thinking and reasoning abilities develop over time, a social cognitive perspective focuses on the influence of social interactions on behavior, and an operant conditioning perspective focuses on how behavior is shaped through reinforcement and punishment. While these perspectives may be relevant in other contexts, they are not as directly applicable to the question at hand.

Question 17

Orlaith is interested in studying the impact of growing up during the Great Depression on the saving and spending habits of individuals. Orlaith's perspective is best described as a ____ perspective.
A) life-course
B) life-span
C) social cognitive
D) Psychosocial

Accepted Answer

Orlaith's perspective is best described as a life-course perspective because she is interested in studying how experiences during a particular period of life (growing up during the Great Depression) influence individuals' saving and spending habits over the course of their lifespan. This perspective emphasizes the importance of understanding how multiple factors interact and accumulate over time to shape individuals' development and behavior.

Question 18

Which must always occur in a real-life setting?
A) Experiment
B) Structured observation
C) Naturalistic observation
D) Systematic observation

Accepted Answer

Naturalistic observation involves observing behavior in its natural setting without any manipulation by the researcher. Thus, it is the only choice that must always occur in a real-life setting. Experiments and structured observations involve some level of manipulation of the environment or variables being studied, while systematic observation can occur in either natural or controlled settings.

Question 19

Which research study would you most expect to see from a researcher with a life-course perspective?
A) The effect of smoking on neurotransmitter systems and memory
B) How memory processes change from infancy to old age
C) Growing up in the 1960s, and its influence on drug-taking behavior in middle adulthood
D) Sex differences in marital satisfaction

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which research study would you most expect...

Question 20

Professor Linwood always makes a point of learning the names of all the students in her class. She used to always be able to do this in her head but has recently found that she needs note cards to help her remember. This change in behavior is best described as
A) loss-based selection.
B) elective selection.
C) compensation.
D) the epigenetic principle.

Accepted Answer

Compensation refers to using alternative strategies or tools to cope with age-related declines. In this case, Professor Linwood is compensating for her difficulty in remembering student names by using note cards.

Quiz 1: The Study of Human Development

Dr. Simpson's students were rightfully upset when he used very accurate weight scales (assessing the poundage of each pupil) to determine their grades in a developmental psychology class because his method of assessment lacked

The notion of "balancing" work and home-life responsibilities is best associated with

Dr. Lund stages a fire drill at the elementary school in order to study how children respond to potential emergency situations. Dr. Lund's method would best be described as a(n)

Lisa is getting ready to apply for graduate school. In order to focus on this goal, she is resigning from her posts as editor of the campus newspaper and president of her sorority. These changes in Lisa's life are an example of

The fact that a teen growing up during the Vietnam War will develop in a different manner than a teen growing up during the Iraq War is best explained in terms of

Dana studies how individuals' life goals change as people get older and how individuals maintain and enhance these goals. Dana is most likely a proponent of the ____ model.

Which method of measuring behavior is most effective at directly studying brain activity?

Dr. Ims studies how children think about television by asking them to answer several questions related to their television viewing. It is most likely that Dr. Ims's research involves using a(n) _________ method.

Which method of measuring behavior is most likely to be used in combination with other behavioral measures?

Dr. Nuriama is interested in studying the way people spend their time when they are in their own homes alone. Which method is Dr. Nuriama most likely to use for this study?

The fact that George is worried about how the recession will impact his current job status is best associated with

The selective optimization with compensation model is primarily associated with the _____ perspective.

Patti studies the behavior of preschool children by watching them play at a local daycare center. While doing this, she is careful to find a spot where she will be completely unnoticed by the individuals she is observing. Patti is most likely using a ________ approach to studying the children.

Carrie is most interested in studying adolescent behavior occurring at a high school prom. Which method is most likely to help her accomplish this goal?

Carrie takes notes on the behaviors exhibited by college students attending a frat party. This study would best be described as

Aislinn wonders if the attack on New York on September 11, 2001 will impact the career goals of individuals who were adolescents at the time of the attack. This kind of question is one that best reflects a(n) _________ perspective.

Orlaith is interested in studying the impact of growing up during the Great Depression on the saving and spending habits of individuals. Orlaith's perspective is best described as a ____ perspective.

Which must always occur in a real-life setting?

Which research study would you most expect to see from a researcher with a life-course perspective?

Professor Linwood always makes a point of learning the names of all the students in her class. She used to always be able to do this in her head but has recently found that she needs note cards to help her remember. This change in behavior is best described as