Question 1

The ability to experience and relate to another person's emotions is called

Accepted Answer

The ability to experience and relate to another person's emotions is called empathy. Sympathy refers to feeling concern and sorrow for someone's situation, but not necessarily sharing their emotions. Altruism refers to selfless concern for others' well-being. Cooperation refers to working together towards a common goal.

Question 2

Matthew sees that one of his kindergarten classmates is unhappy today because nobody is playing with him. Matthew walks over to his classmate and asks if they can play together, which they do until the teacher calls for music time. Matthew's actions demonstrate ____ behavior.

Accepted Answer

Matthew's actions demonstrate prosocial behavior because he is actively providing social support to his classmate who is feeling unhappy and left out. He is engaging in behavior that is intended to benefit others, which is a key aspect of prosocial behavior.

Question 3

According to Maccoby (1998), the tendency for preschool children to gravitate toward peers of the same sex has three distinct features. They include all EXCEPT which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Maccoby (1998) suggests that preschool children tend to segregate themselves by sex during play, they often show aversion towards opposite-sex peers, and they prefer same-sex playmates even when engaged in gender-neutral activities. Therefore, option B which states that children are interested in activities of the opposite sex peers but resist to avoid being scorned is not a part of the distinct features proposed by Maccoby.

Question 4

Any behavior that benefits another person is properly termed ____.

Accepted Answer

The term "prosocial" refers to any behavior that benefits another person. It includes acts of kindness, empathy, and generosity. The other choices do not accurately describe behaviors that benefit another person.

Question 5

Young Jim experiences the sadness of his friend Abdul when Abdul's dog runs away. Jim is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others. In this scenario, Jim is able to understand and share Abdul's sadness over his missing dog, which demonstrates empathy. Cooperation, altruism, and sympathy do not accurately describe Jim's actions.

Question 6

Several different factors may contribute to a child being more likely to behave in an altruistic manner. What is NOT one of these factors?

Accepted Answer

The child recognizing that the high cost of altruism is not a factor that contributes to a child being more likely to behave in an altruistic manner. In fact, recognizing the cost of altruism may even deter some children from acting in an altruistic manner.

Question 7

Hank and his son Adam like to play a game on Hank's cell phone. The game involves looking at cubes with letters in them and finding words. Sometimes Hank plays below his own skill level so that Adam can win, and other times Hank plays a little harder to encourage Adam to develop his own skills. In this scenario, Hank is occupying the role of

Accepted Answer

Hank is providing guidance and support to Adam in playing the game, and is intentionally adjusting his level of play to challenge Adam to improve. This fits the definition of a coach, who helps someone develop their skills and reach their potential. The other options don't quite fit the situation - mediator would imply resolving conflicts, social director would involve organizing social activities, and playmate would suggest a more equal relationship where the two are playing at the same level.

Question 8

Evidence supporting the idea that prosocial behavior may be genetically wired into human beings is supported by the fact that children as young as ____ months of age will try to comfort an adult when they perceive that the adult is hurt or upset.

Accepted Answer

Research indicates that children as young as 18 months old exhibit prosocial behavior, such as trying to comfort adults who appear hurt or upset, suggesting a genetic predisposition for such behavior.

Question 9

Three-year-old Maxim is playing with his toys happily as his mother is watching a movie. He looks up to see a few tears running down his mother's cheeks, because a sad scene just occurred in the film. He puts down his toys, climbs up next to his mother, and lays his head on her arm. When she asks him what's wrong, he says, "I'm sad, Mommy." Maxim has demonstrated the capacity to experience

Accepted Answer

Maxim has demonstrated empathy, which is the ability to understand and share the feelings of another person. He perceived his mother's sadness and responded by trying to comfort her. Sympathy, on the other hand, refers to feeling sorry or concerned for someone. Acrimony and alimony are unrelated terms.

Question 10

As they left the restaurant, Jack and Mimi passed by a man on a park bench who was asking for spare change. Jack put a dollar in the man's cup and smiled at him, and he and Mimi went to their car to drive home. Jack's behavior demonstrates

Accepted Answer

Jack's behavior of putting a dollar in the man's cup shows altruism, which means acting selflessly to help others without expecting any benefits in return. Jack did not gain any personal benefit, but he still helped the man on the park bench.

Question 11

Hulk often has to step in and solve disagreements between his son Hogan and his daughter Brooke. This action best reflects the idea of a parent as a

Accepted Answer

Hulk's role as a mediator in resolving disagreements between his children reflects the idea of a parent as a mediator, someone who helps to facilitate communication and resolve conflicts between family members.

Question 12

Which of the following qualities of young children may interfere with their ability to experience and demonstrate empathy?

Accepted Answer

Egocentrism, the tendency to focus on oneself and one's own perspective, can interfere with young children's ability to understand and connect with others' feelings and experiences. They may also struggle with perspective-taking, which is an important component of empathy. Centration, reversion, and altruism are not directly related to empathy development.

Question 13

All acts of altruistic and cooperative behavior are also

Accepted Answer

Altruistic and cooperative behavior are both examples of prosocial behavior, which refers to any behavior intended to benefit others or society as a whole, rather than oneself.

Question 14

As Delia and her mother are out shopping, they watch as another shopper accidentally drops her basket of groceries all over the floor. Delia's mother tells her to wait while she assists the lady, and proceeds to help pick up all of the dropped groceries. At school the next day, Delia assists a classmate who dropped her books on the way into class in the same manner. In this case, Delia's mother has helped inspire prosocial behavior by

Accepted Answer

Delia's mother modeled prosocial behavior by helping the shopper pick up her groceries, which likely influenced Delia's decision to help her classmate in a similar situation.

Question 15

When one partner in an exchange behaves in ways that allows them to emerge as the victor by threatening or contradicting the other partner, (s)he is engaging in a(n) ________ exchange.

Accepted Answer

Constricting exchange involves one partner dominating and controlling the other partner in order to emerge as the victor. This is achieved through threatening or contradicting behavior towards the other partner.

Question 16

Stanley and Barbara are talking about how they can teach their children, Andrew and Christine, to be more prosocial. They decide that this weekend they are going to take their children to a local food kitchen and they are going to volunteer as a family. After they do so, the children both ask when they can go back and help again. In this case, Stanley and Barbara have helped inspire prosocial behavior through

Accepted Answer

By taking their children to a local food kitchen and volunteering together as a family, Stanley and Barbara have provided an opportunity for their children to behave prosocially. They have shown their children the importance of helping those in need and the positive impact it can have on others. As a result, Andrew and Christine have expressed a desire to continue volunteering, indicating that they have been inspired to engage in more prosocial behavior.

Question 17

When a parent helps their child acquire and master the social skills needed to have successful interactions with peers, that parent is acting in the role of a ____.

Accepted Answer

A coach is someone who helps individuals learn and develop skills in a particular area, and in this case, the parent is helping their child acquire social skills. The other options may also be involved in a parent-child relationship, but may not fully encompass the role of a parent in teaching social skills. A mediator typically acts as a neutral third party to resolve conflicts, a playmate is more focused on engaging in play and having fun, and a social director may be involved in organizing social events or activities for a group, but not necessarily teaching specific social skills to an individual.

Question 18

Prosocial behavior where both involved parties benefit is to ____ as prosocial behavior where the actor does not benefit is to ____.

Accepted Answer

Cooperation refers to prosocial behavior where both involved parties benefit. Altruism refers to prosocial behavior where the actor does not benefit. Empathy is the ability to understand and share the feelings of others but does not necessarily involve prosocial behavior.

Question 19

When one's actions or remarks support others and sustain interactions, they can be described as engaging in ____ exchange.

Accepted Answer

Enabling exchange refers to actions or statements that support and promote positive interactions between individuals. It is a positive and constructive form of exchange that helps to build relationships and enhance communication. Constricting exchange, on the other hand, refers to actions or comments that limit or restrict interactions, while detracting exchange involves actions or comments that undermine or detract from positive interactions. Centrating exchange is not a commonly used term in communication studies.

Question 20

Play among girls is often described as ____, while play among boys is often described as ____.

Accepted Answer

Play among girls is often described as enabling because it tends to encourage participation and support among the players. In contrast, play among boys is often described as constricting because it may involve establishing hierarchies and emphasizing competition.

Quiz 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood