Question 1

Explain what Hobbes means when he says, "it is manifest that during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war is of every man against every man." Do you agree with Hobbes? Explain your answer.

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Question 2

Explain what Hobbes means when he says that in the state of nature, "The notions of right and wrong, justice and injustice, have no place there. Where there is no common power, there is no law." Do you agree with Hobbes? Explain your answer.

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Question 3

Explain what Hobbes means when he says, "Justice and injustice are none of the faculties either of the body, nor mind. If they were, they might be in a man that were alone in the world, as well as his senses and passions. They are qualities that relate to men in society, not in solitude." Do you agree with Hobbes? Explain your answer.

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Question 4

Explain what Hobbes means when he says, "By liberty is understood the absence of external impediments; impediments which may often take away part of a man's power to do what he would, but cannot hinder him from using the power left him, according as his judgement and reason shall dictate to him." Do you agree with Hobbes? Explain your answer.

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Question 5

Explain what Hobbes means when he says, "A law of nature is a precept or general rule found out by reason, by which a man is forbidden to do that which is destructive of his life, or takes away the means of preserving the same; and to omit that by which he thinks it may be best preserved." Do you agree with Hobbes? Explain your answer.

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Question 6

Explain what Hobbes means when he says, "That a man is willing, when others are so too, for peace and defense of himself he shall think it necessary, to lay down this right to all things, and be content with so much liberty against other men as he would allow other men against himself." Do you agree with Hobbes? Explain your answer.

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Question 7

Explain what Hobbes means when he says, "The mutual transferring of right is that which men call contract. There is a difference between transferring of the right to the thing, and transferring of the thing itself. The thing may be delivered together with the translation of the right, as in buying and selling with money, or exchange of goods or lands, and it may be delivered some time after." Do you agree with Hobbes? Explain your answer.

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Question 8

According to Locke, "it is evident, that absolute monarchy, which by some men is counted the only government in the world, is indeed inconsistent with ..."

Accepted Answer

According to Locke, absolute monarchy is inconsistent with civil society as it places all the power in the hands of one individual, leading to the oppression of citizens and the erosion of their natural rights.

Question 9

Locke ask, "If man in the state of Nature be so free, if he be absolute lord of his own person and possessions, equal to the greatest and subject to nobody, why will he part with his freedom, this empire, and subject himself to the dominion and control of any other power?" Locke's answer is ...

Accepted Answer

Locke argues that the state of nature may provide some freedom, but it is also filled with uncertainty and insecurity - there is no guarantee that someone else won't come along and take away your possessions or harm you. Therefore, individuals may choose to give up some of their freedom in exchange for the protection and stability provided by a government.

Question 10

Locke says, "This makes him willing to quit this condition which, however free, is full of fears and continual dangers; and it is not without reason that he seeks out and is willing to join in society with others who are already united, or have a mind to unite for the mutual preservation of their lives, liberties and estates, which I call by the general name …"

Accepted Answer

Locke asserts that individuals willingly leave their state of nature and form societies to protect their lives, liberties, and property. Therefore, the general name he uses for the preservation of their lives, liberties, and estates is property, making choice A the correct answer.

Question 11

According to Locke, "Firstly, there wants an established, settled, __________, received and allowed by common consent to be the standard of right and wrong, and the common measure to decide all controversies between them."

Accepted Answer

Locke is referring to the need for a known law that is accepted by society as the standard for determining what is right and wrong, and as the basis for resolving disputes. A police force, militia sect, or hierarchy are not relevant to this particular point.

Question 12

According to Locke, "Secondly, in the state of Nature there wants a known and indifferent ______, with authority to determine all differences according to the established law."

Accepted Answer

Locke argues that in the state of nature, there is a lack of an impartial judge with the authority to resolve disputes according to established law, which is why he identifies the need for a "judge" to fulfill this role.

Question 13

Locke says, "The inconveniencies that they are therein exposed to by the irregular and uncertain exercise of the power every man has of punishing the transgressions of others, make them take sanctuary under the established laws of government, and therein seek the preservation of their property. It is this that makes them so willingly give up every one his single power of punishing to be exercised by such alone as shall be appointed to it amongst them, and by such rules as the community, or those authorized by them to that purpose, shall agree on. And in this we have the original right and rise of both the ____________ and ___________ power as well as of the governments and societies themselves."

Accepted Answer

Locke is referring to the legislative power (the power to make laws) and the executive power (the power to enforce laws) in this passage. He argues that people give up their individual power of punishing others in order to create a system of government with appointed officials and agreed upon rules for punishment. The legislative and executive powers are necessary components of this system.

Question 14

Locke says, "The first power, namely, of doing whatsoever he thought fit for the preservation of himself and the rest of mankind, he gives up to be regulated by laws made by the society, so far forth as the preservation of himself and the rest of that society shall require; which laws of the society in many things confine the _________ he had by the law of Nature."

Accepted Answer

In this quote, Locke is discussing the idea of the social contract, where individuals give up some of their natural freedoms in order to live in a society governed by laws. The "first power" he refers to is the right to do whatever one wants for self-preservation. This power is given up to be regulated by the laws of society, which limit the liberty individuals had under the law of nature. Therefore, the best choice is D, liberty.

Question 15

According to Locke, "it is evident, that absolute monarchy, which by some men is counted the only government in the world, is indeed inconsistent with the will of God."

Accepted Answer

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Question 16

Locke ask, "If man in the state of Nature be so free, if he be absolute lord of his own person and possessions, equal to the greatest and subject to nobody, why will he part with his freedom, this empire, and subject himself to the dominion and control of any other power?" Locke's answer is the enjoyment of freedom in the state of nature is very uncertain.

Accepted Answer

This is the answer provided by Locke himself in his Second Treatise of Government. According to him, although man is free in the state of nature, his freedom is uncertain as it is constantly threatened by the arbitrary use of force by others. Thus, the reason why man would choose to leave the state of nature and form societies and governments is to secure his natural rights and liberties.

Question 17

Locke says, "This makes him willing to quit this condition which, however free, is full of fears and continual dangers; and it is not without reason that he seeks out and is willing to join in society with others who are already united, or have a mind to unite for the mutual preservation of their lives, liberties and estates, which I call by the general name property.

Accepted Answer

This statement accurately reflects Locke's views on why individuals seek to join society and establish a social contract for the protection of their fundamental rights and property.

Question 18

According to Locke, "Firstly, there wants an established, settled, hierarchy, received and allowed by common consent to be the standard of right and wrong, and the common measure to decide all controversies between them."

Accepted Answer

This quote misrepresents Locke's views. John Locke argued for the state of nature and natural law as the basis of rights and morality, not an established hierarchy or authority to dictate right and wrong.

Question 19

According to Locke, "Secondly, in the state of Nature there wants a known and indifferent judge, with authority to determine all differences according to the established law."

Accepted Answer

According to Locke, one of the problems with the state of Nature is the lack of a known and impartial judge with the authority to resolve disputes according to established law.

Question 20

Locke says, "The inconveniencies that they are therein exposed to by the irregular and uncertain exercise of the power every man has of punishing the transgressions of others, make them take sanctuary under the established laws of government, and therein seek the preservation of their property. It is this that makes them so willingly give up every one his single power of punishing to be exercised by such alone as shall be appointed to it amongst them, and by such rules as the community, or those authorized by them to that purpose, shall agree on. And in this we have the original right and rise of both the legislative and executive power as well as of the governments and societies themselves."

Accepted Answer

Locke argues that people willingly give up their individual power of punishment in favor of established laws and a government with legislative and executive powers.

Quiz 8: Plato Apology

Explain what Hobbes means when he says, "it is manifest that during the time men live without a common power to keep them all in awe, they are in that condition which is called war; and such a war is of every man against every man." Do you agree with Hobbes? Explain your answer.

Explain what Hobbes means when he says that in the state of nature, "The notions of right and wrong, justice and injustice, have no place there. Where there is no common power, there is no law." Do you agree with Hobbes? Explain your answer.

According to Locke, "it is evident, that absolute monarchy, which by some men is counted the only government in the world, is indeed inconsistent with ..."

Locke ask, "If man in the state of Nature be so free, if he be absolute lord of his own person and possessions, equal to the greatest and subject to nobody, why will he part with his freedom, this empire, and subject himself to the dominion and control of any other power?" Locke's answer is ...

According to Locke, "Firstly, there wants an established, settled, __________, received and allowed by common consent to be the standard of right and wrong, and the common measure to decide all controversies between them."

According to Locke, "Secondly, in the state of Nature there wants a known and indifferent ______, with authority to determine all differences according to the established law."

According to Locke, "it is evident, that absolute monarchy, which by some men is counted the only government in the world, is indeed inconsistent with the will of God."

According to Locke, "Firstly, there wants an established, settled, hierarchy, received and allowed by common consent to be the standard of right and wrong, and the common measure to decide all controversies between them."

According to Locke, "Secondly, in the state of Nature there wants a known and indifferent judge, with authority to determine all differences according to the established law."