Question 1

Canada's pattern of legislative change in the field of youth justice is similar to ________.

Accepted Answer

Canada's pattern of legislative change in the field of youth justice is similar to the United States, Britain, and Australia, reflecting a broader trend in the evolution of youth justice systems in these countries.

Question 2

Developments around legislation and models of juvenile justice have been accompanied in some countries by changes in terminology. Youths who have committed acts of juvenile delinquency are now referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

C

Question 3

According to Minaker and Hogeveen (2009), ________ require intervention and can be rehabilitated.

Accepted Answer

Minaker and Hogeveen (2009) state that reformable young offenders can be rehabilitated with intervention, indicating that there is hope for their behavior change. The other options do not specify whether intervention or rehabilitation is possible, making them less likely to be the correct answer.

Question 4

According to Minaker and Hogeveen (2009), ________ require punishment in order to make them accountable for their criminal acts.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Minaker and Hogeveen (2009), ________...

Question 5

Minaker and Hogeveen (2009) argue that recent decades have witnessed a ________ turn in youth justice in Canada that parallels similar trends in both the adult and youth justice systems of other countries.

Accepted Answer

The use of the word "punitive" suggests that the turn in youth justice is towards harsher punishment and less focus on rehabilitation, which aligns with the argument presented in the sentence. The other options (restorative, positive, rehabilitative, legalistic) do not necessarily imply a similar trend towards punishment over rehabilitation.

Question 6

The author of Chapter 1 argues that the nature and direction of historical and contemporary trends in Canadian youth justice cannot be adequately understood without taking into account ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The author of Chapter 1 argues that...

Question 7

This chapter argues that Canada's current approach to youth justice is ________.

Accepted Answer

The chapter argues that Canada's current approach to youth justice is unique in many respects, indicating that it is not the same as other countries and not comparable to other countries. It also highlights differences from the United States and mentions the British model, but ultimately emphasizes the distinctiveness of Canada's approach.

Question 8

Philippe Ariès argued that the modern concept of childhood was "discovered" in Western Europe in the ________.

Accepted Answer

Philippe Ariès argued that the modern concept of childhood was "discovered" in Western Europe in the seventeenth century, specifically in the 17th century French court.

Question 9

According to Ariès, unlike parents today, parents in the Middle Ages ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Ariès, parents in the Middle Ages did not develop strong emotional ties to their children.

Question 10

According to Ariès, the modern concept of childhood was "discovered" in ________.

Accepted Answer

According to Ariès, the modern concept of childhood was "discovered" in Western Europe.

Question 11

According to Ariès, parents in the Middle Ages were ________ preoccupied with raising the young and severely restricting their lives.

Accepted Answer

According to Ariès, parents in the Middle Ages were not preoccupied with raising the young and did not severely restrict their lives.

Question 12

Criminologist ________ drew uncritically on Ariès' research to try to explain the reasons for the "invention" of juvenile delinquency and the juvenile court.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Criminologist ________ drew uncritically on Ariès' research...

Question 13

Historians of childhood who have been critical of Ariès research have shown instead that-both historically and in more recent times-adults have displayed a great deal of ________ in their thinking about the definition and treatment of children and youth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Historians of childhood who have been critical...

Question 14

When was the term juvenile delinquency first used?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When was the term juvenile delinquency first...

Question 15

In the nineteenth century under English common law, persons below the age of ________ years could not be convicted of committing a criminal offence.

Accepted Answer

Under English common law in the nineteenth century, the age of criminal responsibility was set at seven years old. This meant that children under the age of seven were presumed incapable of committing a criminal offence.

Question 16

The legal doctrine that limits the criminal responsibility of a child between the ages of seven and 14 due to the presumption that they are unable to understand the wrongfulness of criminal acts is referred to as ________.

Accepted Answer

The legal doctrine that limits the criminal responsibility of a child between the ages of seven and 14 due to the presumption that they are unable to understand the wrongfulness of criminal acts is referred to as doli incapax.

Question 17

A number of common features came to characterize the operation of juvenile courts after they were first invented. Which of the following was not included among these common features?

Accepted Answer

The concept of mens rea, or criminal intent, is not typically applied in juvenile courts as they do not focus on the guilt or innocence of the juvenile, but rather on their rehabilitation and treatment. The other options - diminished criminal responsibility, parens patriae, and friendly helpfulness - are all common features of juvenile court operations.

Question 18

In the first juvenile courts, ________.

Accepted Answer

The question explicitly states that the juvenile courts' primary focus was not the juvenile's guilt or innocence but rather the state's need to assume guardianship. Therefore, option C is the correct answer. Options A and B are incorrect because they suggest that the early juvenile courts operated in a manner similar to adult criminal courts, while option D is incorrect because probation officers were involved in early juvenile court proceedings. Option E is incorrect because only option C correctly reflects the primary focus of early juvenile court proceedings.

Question 19

Prior to the establishment of the New York House of Refuge by the Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, juries would ________ when they thought penalties were too harsh.

Accepted Answer

Prior to the establishment of the New York House of Refuge, juries would often acquit youth when they believed the penalties were too harsh.

Question 20

The ________ undeniably served as the model that was later followed in a number of other countries.

Accepted Answer

The question is asking which juvenile court served as a model for other countries, and the Chicago Juvenile Court was known for being the first juvenile court in the world. Other countries did in fact use the Chicago Juvenile Court as a model for their own juvenile justice systems.

Quiz 1: From Misguided Children to Criminal Youth: Exploring Historical and Contemporary Trends in Canadian Youth Justice