Question 1

Lofland and Lofland suggest that in the early stages of analysis, ___________.

Accepted Answer

Lofland and Lofland suggest that in the early stages of qualitative analysis, researchers shouldn't worry about generating too many codes. This approach allows for a broad and inclusive initial categorization of data, which can be refined later in the analysis process.

Question 2

Coffey and Atkinson point to _______ levels of coding.

Accepted Answer

Coffey and Atkinson point to three levels of coding: open, axial, and selective.

Question 3

The first level of coding according to Coffey and Atkinson is _________ coding.

Accepted Answer

The first level of coding according to Coffey and Atkinson is Basic coding. This involves identifying and categorizing the data using descriptive labels or codes.

Question 4

The third level of coding moves away from the __________.

Accepted Answer

The third level of coding in qualitative research typically moves away from the literal or direct descriptions of data, advancing towards more abstract and conceptual interpretations. This involves synthesizing and theorizing the meanings behind the data rather than sticking to the concrete details.

Question 5

An approach to qualitative data analysis in which data collection and analysis proceed iteratively to produce a theoretical understanding is known as ________.

Accepted Answer

Grounded theory is an approach to qualitative data analysis in which data collection and analysis proceed iteratively to produce a theoretical understanding. In this approach, the researcher examines the data to identify patterns, which are then used to generate ideas and hypotheses about the social phenomena being studied. These hypotheses are then tested against additional data collected in subsequent rounds of analysis, leading to a deeper understanding of the phenomenon being studied.

Question 6

The process of grounded theory is marked by _______________ of new and existing data within a particular concept.

Accepted Answer

The process of grounded theory is marked by constant comparison of new and existing data within a particular concept. This involves comparing new data with previously collected data to identify similarities and differences and create new theoretical ideas.

Question 7

The point at which emerging concepts have been fully explored and no new insights are generated is known as _______________.

Accepted Answer

The point at which emerging concepts have been fully explored and no new insights are generated is known as theoretical saturation. Grounded theory refers to a research methodology, theoretical sampling is the intentional selection of participants or cases for a research study, and exiting the field refers to the process of finishing data collection and analysis.

Question 8

When cases are selected by emerging theoretical considerations and repeated, this is known as ___________________.

Accepted Answer

The process of selecting cases based on emerging theories and repeating this process is known as theoretical sampling. Grounded theory refers to the process of generating theories from the data collected, while exiting the field refers to the researchers' withdrawal from the study. Theoretical saturation occurs when the data collected is sufficient to support or refute the emerging theoretical concepts.

Question 9

Which of the following is an aim of theoretical sampling?

Accepted Answer

The aim of theoretical sampling is not to get a large sample or to generalize findings to the larger population. Instead, it is to sample until the researcher has achieved conceptual breadth, which means that they have collected enough data to fully understand the phenomenon they are studying and the relationships between the variables involved. The goal is not to develop a homogenous group, but rather to intentionally select participants who can provide the most relevant and diverse data to inform the theoretical framework being developed.

Question 10

When researchers are assigning codes in grounded theory, the aim first is to _______________.

Accepted Answer

When researchers are assigning codes in grounded theory, their aim is to describe what is happening in their data. The other options may come into play later in the grounded theory process but are not the initial aim when assigning codes.

Question 11

An early stage of qualitative analysis in which the researcher stays close to the data and generates concepts is called ________________.

Accepted Answer

Open coding is a process of generating initial concepts and categories from the data in a flexible and open manner. It involves several phases of reading, coding, and categorizing data, and is typically the first step in developing a coding scheme for a qualitative analysis. Line-by-line coding, axial coding, and focused coding are all subsequent stages of analysis that build upon the initial concepts generated through open coding.

Question 12

An in-depth method of analysis in which the research applies a code to every line of fieldnotes or transcripts is called _______________.

Accepted Answer

Line-by-line coding involves assigning a code to every line of fieldnotes or transcripts, making it a thorough and detailed method of analysis. Open coding involves identifying and labeling concepts or patterns in the data, axial coding involves categorizing and organizing the data into a hierarchical structure, and focused coding involves selectively labeling data that provides insight into the research question.

Question 13

____________ coding is a process in qualitative data analysis of relating codes to one another with the aim of making connections between concepts and categories.

Accepted Answer

Axial coding involves the process of making connections between codes and creating a hierarchical structure of categories. It focuses on the relationships between concepts rather than individual codes. Line-by-line coding involves coding each line or segment of data, open coding involves generating codes from the data without predetermined categories, and focused coding involves selecting the most relevant codes to a particular research question or theme.

Question 14

The formal and systemic application of most frequently occurring or compelling codes to qualitative data is called ______________.

Accepted Answer

Focused coding involves identifying and applying codes to the most frequently occurring or compelling themes in qualitative data. Line-by-line coding involves coding individual segments of data, open coding involves identifying and generating codes without preconceived categories, and axial coding involves examining the relationships between codes and categories.

Question 15

A ___________ subsumes two or more concepts.

Accepted Answer

A category is a group or class of things that have shared characteristics or qualities. A category can subsume two or more concepts if they have enough similarities to be grouped together under a broad, overarching label.

Question 16

Which of the following is not a part of the grounded theory process?

Accepted Answer

Developing formal theory is not part of the grounded theory process, as the focus is on developing tentative and emergent theories based on the data collected and analyzed through open and axial coding. Formal theory involves a more structured and in-depth exploration of the theory, which may not be possible or necessary in the grounded theory approach.

Question 17

A brief written exploration of concepts, questions, and emerging analysis is called a(n) _____________.

Accepted Answer

A brief written exploration of concepts, questions, and emerging analysis is called an analytic memo. Field notes are more detailed written records of observations taken during fieldwork. Coding scheme and line-by-line coding are specific methods used in data analysis.

Question 18

Charmaz identified that the men with chronic illnesses used various methods of approaching and resolving the assault on their traditional masculine self-images. She termed this _____________.

Accepted Answer

Charmaz referred to the challenges faced by men with chronic illnesses in maintaining their traditional masculine self-images as "identity dilemmas."

Question 19

Which of the following is not a limitation of grounded theory?

Accepted Answer

Grounded theory involves systematic collection and analysis of data to generate theories, and being overwhelmed with digital files is more of a practical challenge related to data management rather than a limitation of the grounded theory methodology itself.

Question 20

What did the author's identify as being central to a participatory action research approach, particularly in Fields et al.'s work?

Accepted Answer

Trust is central to a participatory action research approach, as it fosters collaboration and open communication among all participants, which is crucial for the success of such research methodologies.

Quiz 13: How Do Researchers Develop Inductive Findings Qualitative Data Analysis