Question 1

Jeff has a BMI of 28 kg/m2. He has no obesity-related health risk factors. Jeff is an appropriate candidate to take a prescription weight loss drug.

Accepted Answer

According to the NIH Guidelines for the Management of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, prescription weight loss drugs should only be considered for individuals with a BMI of 30 kg/m2 or greater, or for those with a BMI of 27 kg/m2 or greater and at least one obesity-related health risk factor such as diabetes, high blood pressure, or sleep apnea. Jeff's BMI is below the threshold for prescription weight loss drugs and he has no obesity-related health risk factors, so he is not an appropriate candidate for such medication.

Question 2

It is difficult to meet nutrient needs with an intake of fewer than 1200 calories per day.

Accepted Answer

The minimum daily calorie intake recommended for most individuals is 1200 calories per day. Consuming fewer than 1200 calories a day makes it challenging to meet daily nutrient requirements.

Question 3

According to the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, for those who need to lose weight or have lost weight and want to keep it off, _____ minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week is recommended.

Accepted Answer

The 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity per week for those who need to lose weight or have lost weight and want to keep it off. This recommendation can be achieved through activities such as brisk walking, cycling, swimming, or dancing. Meeting this recommendation can improve overall health and aid in weight management.

Question 4

Some people may gain weight more easily than others because they inherit a tendency to expend less energy on activity.

Accepted Answer

Genetics can play a role in an individual's metabolism and energy expenditure, leading to differences in weight gain and loss. However, it is important to note that lifestyle choices and behaviors also strongly contribute to weight management.

Question 5

Stephanie has a BMI of 27 kg/m2, her waist circumference is 37 inches, she has a healthy blood pressure, her blood lipid values are normal, her blood glucose level is slightly elevated, her father had a heart attack at 53 years of age, she walks 20 minutes daily 5 days per week, and she does not smoke. Stephanie is likely to improve her health by losing weight.

Accepted Answer

Stephanie's BMI indicates that she is overweight, and her slightly elevated blood glucose level suggests that she may be at risk for developing diabetes. Losing weight can help improve her blood glucose levels and reduce her risk for heart disease, particularly given her family history. Additionally, increasing physical activity beyond her current level may provide additional health benefits.

Question 6

Which of the following is characteristic of a healthy weight loss diet?

Accepted Answer

Promoting physical activity is characteristic of a healthy weight loss diet. Eating fewer than 1200 calories daily can be harmful and is not recommended for everyone. Losing 5 lbs a week is generally considered to be too rapid and can lead to health problems. Limiting milk and other animal products can be a part of a healthy diet, but it is not necessary for weight loss.

Question 7

Peptide YY _____appetite and ghrelin _____appetite.

Accepted Answer

Peptide YY decreases appetite, while ghrelin increases appetite.

Question 8

Reid has a BMI of 26.5 kg/m2. Reid's waist circumference is 39.5 inches, his blood pressure, blood lipids and blood glucose levels are normal, he has no family history of heart disease, he walks 20 minutes daily 5 days per week, and he does not smoke. Reid is likely to improve his health by losing weight.

Accepted Answer

Reid's health indicators such as blood pressure, blood lipids, and blood glucose levels are normal, he has a healthy lifestyle with regular exercise, and no family history of heart disease. Despite a BMI of 26.5 kg/m^2 placing him in the overweight category, these factors suggest he is metabolically healthy, and weight loss may not necessarily improve his health.

Question 9

For most people, a loss of 5-15% of body weight will significantly reduce disease risk.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that losing just 5-15% of body weight can significantly improve health outcomes by reducing the risk of various diseases such as diabetes, heart disease, and obesity-related cancers.

Question 10

Leptin is produced by

Accepted Answer

Leptin is primarily produced by adipocytes (fat cells) in the body.

Question 11

Gloria is 5 feet 3 inches tall and her weight was 235 pounds. After one week of dieting, she stepped on the scale and found she weighed 228 pounds. The rate of weight loss that she experienced during this first week of dieting is within the range of recommended weight loss.

Accepted Answer

The recommended rate of weight loss is about 1 to 2 pounds per week. Losing 7 pounds in one week is more than what is generally recommended.

Question 12

Christy is overweight and interested in losing ¾ pound of weight each week. Christy will need to have a _____calorie per day deficit in her energy balance for this to occur.

Accepted Answer

To lose 1 pound of weight, it generally requires a calorie deficit of about 3500 calories. Therefore, to lose ¾ pound per week, Christy would need a deficit of 2625 calories per week (3500 * 0.75). Dividing this by 7 days gives a daily deficit of approximately 375 calories.

Question 13

Leptin is better at preventing weight loss than at preventing weight gain.

Accepted Answer

Leptin is a hormone secreted by adipose tissue that regulates appetite and energy expenditure. It signals to the brain when the body has had enough to eat and stimulates energy expenditure. Leptin deficiency or resistance can lead to weight gain and obesity. While leptin can help prevent weight gain, it is more effective at preventing weight loss by signaling the body to conserve energy and reduce appetite. This evolutionary mechanism is designed to prevent starvation during times of food scarcity.

Question 14

Gaining weight is easy, just eat more fat.

Accepted Answer

Gaining weight is not as simple as just eating more fat. It also depends on various factors such as overall calorie intake, exercise, genetics, and metabolism. Consuming excessive amounts of unhealthy fats can actually lead to weight gain and health problems. A balanced and nutritious diet with a proper caloric surplus, along with regular exercise, can help in healthy weight gain.

Question 15

People who lose weight rapidly are more likely to regain the weight, leading to repeated cycles of weight loss and gain.

Accepted Answer

Rapid weight loss is often achieved through extreme diets or weight loss programs that may not be sustainable or healthy in the long run. Once the weight loss goal is met, individuals may return to their previous eating habits and regain the weight. This cycle of weight loss and gain, also known as yo-yo dieting or weight cycling, can have negative effects on the body and make it harder to maintain a healthy weight in the future. Slow and steady weight loss, combined with lifestyle changes, is generally considered to be more effective and sustainable in the long run.

Question 16

Which of the following common dieting methods would most likely promote long-term weight loss?

Accepted Answer

Exchange lists promote portion control and a balanced intake of nutrients, which can support sustainable weight loss and healthy eating habits.

Question 17

Ghrelin is involved in _____ body weight regulation and leptin is involved with _____body weight regulation.

Accepted Answer

Ghrelin is involved in short-term appetite regulation by stimulating hunger and food intake, while leptin is involved in long-term body weight regulation by suppressing appetite and increasing energy expenditure.

Question 18

Weight loss is maintained better when physical activity is included.

Accepted Answer

Numerous studies have shown that incorporating physical activity, along with a healthy diet, leads to better and sustained weight loss. Regular physical activity not only helps in burning calories but also improves metabolism, muscle mass, and overall health. It also helps in maintaining weight loss in the long term by preventing weight gain and reducing the risk of chronic diseases.

Question 19

Obese individuals use fewer calories for NEAT than their lean counterparts.

Accepted Answer

NEAT (Non-Exercise Activity Thermogenesis) refers to the calories burned through daily activities such as walking, fidgeting, and standing. Studies have shown that obese individuals tend to have lower levels of NEAT compared to their lean counterparts, which may contribute to their difficulty in losing weight.

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a component of behavior modification?

Accepted Answer

Behavior modification focuses on changing behavior through positive reinforcement and altering antecedents and consequences, rather than using punishment.

Quiz 9: Energy Balance and Weight Management