Question 1

Parents are quizzing the nurse about the baby's eyes and want to know about visual acuity and eye color. Which of the following beliefs by parents will the nurse reinforce as being true?

Accepted Answer

Permanent eye color can take up to a year to establish in babies. Initially, many babies have blue or gray eyes, and the melanin in the iris may change over time, leading to the permanent eye color.

Question 2

Which of the following definitions of visual impairment most emphasizes the clearness of vision at various distances (visual acuity)?

Accepted Answer

The legal-medical definition of visual impairment emphasizes the clearness of vision at various distances, often quantified through measures of visual acuity, to determine the severity of vision loss and eligibility for disability benefits or services.

Question 3

The pediatric nurse working with newborns and infants will find which of the following types of newborns having a significantly increased incidence of ocular muscle weakness?

Accepted Answer

Very low birth weight newborns have a significantly increased incidence of ocular muscle weakness due to their underdeveloped systems and the higher likelihood of complications associated with their premature birth.

Question 4

The nurse wants to assess visual acuity with a preschool child who is developmentally delayed. The nurse selects the Blackbird Preschool Vision test, which is best described as a test that:

Accepted Answer

The Blackbird Preschool Vision test uses images of blackbirds of various sizes flying in different directions to assess visual acuity in preschool children, including those who are developmentally delayed. This method does not rely on the child's ability to recognize letters or colors, making it suitable for this age group and developmental level.

Question 5

The parent of a child diagnosed as having astigmatism asks the school nurse to explain what the eye doctor meant by astigmatism. Which of the following responses by the nurse would best describe astigmatism?

Accepted Answer

Astigmatism is a common vision condition caused by an irregular curvature of the cornea or lens, which leads to distorted or blurred vision because light rays are not focused sharply on the retina.

Question 6

The nurse will teach the family and the child who is wearing contacts for the first time that care and cleaning directions must be followed explicitly. The reason for following the instructions exactly is mainly to prevent:

Accepted Answer

Following care and cleaning instructions for contact lenses is crucial primarily to prevent complications such as corneal damage. Improper handling and cleaning can lead to infections or other serious eye health issues.

Question 7

The school nurse observes a child who has strabismus. Which of the following is the most obvious sign of strabismus?

Accepted Answer

The most obvious sign of strabismus is a cross-eyed appearance, where the eyes do not align properly. This can be easily observed without needing to assess the child's behavior or actions.

Question 8

The nurse will begin screening babies for strabismus at 3 to 6 months of age. A parent asks the nurse why this screening is being done at this early age. Which of the following is the nurse's best response?

Accepted Answer

Early identification and treatment of strabismus are crucial to prevent amblyopia, a condition where the brain starts to ignore the input from one eye, leading to vision loss in that eye. Screening at 3 to 6 months allows for timely intervention to correct the misalignment and prevent or minimize vision loss.

Question 9

In assessing a child with strabismus, the nurse charts that the child has esotropia. This means that the nurse has found which of the following then assessing the eyes?

Accepted Answer

Esotropia is a condition where one eye turns inward toward the nose or midline. This is in contrast to conditions where the eye turns outward (exotropia) or when there is vertical misalignment (hypertropia or hypotropia).

Question 10

The nurse is talking with a parent of a child with strabismus. The nurse is talking about alternatives to surgery and explains that there is a correction for strabismus, which is an alternative to surgery, and it is successful in about 50% of clients. Which of the following substances is involved in this treatment?

Accepted Answer

Botulism toxin (Botox) is used as a non-surgical treatment option for strabismus. It works by temporarily paralyzing the overactive muscles causing the eye misalignment, allowing for the possibility of improved alignment. This method is successful in about 50% of cases.

Question 11

The parent of a 6-year-old child who will be wearing an eye patch and a bandage around the entire head asks the nurse for suggestions on how to get the child to comply and not remove these items. Which of the following are the best suggestions and are most likely to be successful interventions?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging the child to pretend to be a pirate and using rewards to reinforce compliance is a creative and positive approach that can make the experience fun and engaging for the child, increasing the likelihood of compliance.

Question 12

The nurse doing screenings for eye problems in children realizes that amblyopia is going to present in children at which of the following ages or periods in a child's life?

Accepted Answer

Amblyopia, also known as lazy eye, typically presents before the age of 7 years. It is a developmental problem in the eye where the eye and the brain don't work together properly, leading to decreased vision in one eye. Early detection and treatment are crucial for effective management.

Question 13

The nurse assessing newborns is aware that a baby can be born with a cataract. When the mother asks what caused her baby to have a cataract, the nurse will explain that which of the following causes cataracts to be present at birth? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

Cataracts present at birth can be caused by an autosomal dominant trait (A) and can also result from a variety of factors including prenatal trauma, anoxia, maternal disease, or inherited traits (D).

Quiz 31: Sensory Alterations