Question 1

Differentiation indicates a crystallization of interests and is the extent to which the levels of the type codes differ.

Accepted Answer

Differentiation in the context of career interests refers to how distinct or varied an individual's interests are across different areas. When interests are highly differentiated, it means there is a clear preference or strong interest in certain areas compared to others, indicating a crystallization or solidification of specific interests.

Question 2

Dawis and Lofquist (1984) define Status (a reinforcement value) as including the needs of Achievement, Appeal, Authority, and Social Status.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Dawis and Lofquist (1984) define Status (a...

Question 3

According to Dawis and Lofquist's TWA, one's personality style is composed of celerity (speed of initiating environmental interaction), pace (activity level of interaction), rhythm (pattern of interaction), and endurance (sustainability of interaction).

Accepted Answer

Dawis and Lofquist's Theory of Work Adjustment (TWA) indeed identifies personality style through these four dimensions: celerity, pace, rhythm, and endurance, which describe how individuals interact with their work environments.

Question 4

Work adjustment happens when an individual improves or maintains his or her fit or correspondence with the work environment.

Accepted Answer

Work adjustment refers to the process through which individuals seek to achieve and maintain correspondence with their work environment, either by changing aspects of themselves (such as their behavior or attitudes) to better fit the job demands or by attempting to change aspects of the work environment to better suit their personal needs and preferences.

Question 5

Work adjustment is also indicated by the perceptions of the individual's produc- tivity and efficiency as held by the supervisor and others in the work environment (i.e., the individual's satisfactoriness).

Accepted Answer

Work adjustment involves how well an individual fits with their work environment, which includes perceptions of productivity and efficiency by supervisors and others, indicating the individual's satisfactoriness in their role.

Question 6

In the values-based career approach, the individual/work congruence is a value- based fit that is reached when the structure of an individual's values matches the value structure of the work environment.

Accepted Answer

In the values-based career approach, individual/work congruence refers to the alignment between an individual's personal values and the values upheld by their work environment, leading to a more satisfying and fulfilling career experience when there is a good match.

Question 7

Like developmental theories, trait-and-factor approaches provide a framework for understanding the unfolding process of career and career choice over the lifespan.

Accepted Answer

Trait-and-factor approaches focus on matching an individual's traits (such as interests, values, and abilities) with the factors of a job (such as requirements and conditions), rather than on understanding the unfolding process of career development over the lifespan.

Question 8

Super assumed that an individual's career choice was not merely the result of matching his or her abilities and interests to the world of work, but that it was an expression of his or her self-concept.

Accepted Answer

Super's theory of career development emphasizes that career choices are a reflection of one's self-concept, suggesting that individuals seek career paths that allow them to express their personal identities and values.

Question 9

Super's Life Career Rainbow (Super, 1980) represents an individual's overall development from birth to death and includes six major Life Roles.

Accepted Answer

Super's Life Career Rainbow actually includes five major Life Roles: Child, Student, Leisurite, Worker, and Citizen.

Question 10

Super's Processing Stage includes crystallizing, specifying, and implementing.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Super's Processing Stage includes crystallizing, specifying, and...

Question 11

Linda Gottfredson is one of the few theoreticians who have presented a theory on how childhood influences career development and career choice.

Accepted Answer

Linda Gottfredson is known for her theory of circumscription and compromise, which explains how childhood experiences and perceptions influence career development and choices.

Question 12

The Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making (SLTCDM) recognized the importance of cognitive processes and behavior in career decision making including the influence of reinforcement and learning on the career development and choice processes.

Accepted Answer

The Social Learning Theory of Career Decision Making (SLTCDM) indeed emphasizes the role of cognitive processes, behavior, reinforcement, and learning experiences in influencing an individual's career development and decision-making processes.

Question 13

The CASVE cycle is a sequential developmental path.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The CASVE cycle is a sequential developmental...

Question 14

In SCCT, learning experiences shape self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expecta- tions, and are influenced by factors such as educational opportunity and family context.

Accepted Answer

Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) posits that learning experiences influence self-efficacy beliefs and outcome expectations, and acknowledges the role of personal factors like educational opportunities and family context in shaping these experiences.

Question 15

Theories of "embedded career" include Contextualism, the Ecological Approach, and Sociological Theories.

Accepted Answer

These theories emphasize the importance of context, environment, and social structures in understanding career development, aligning with the concept of "embedded career" which suggests that careers are deeply intertwined with various external factors.

Quiz 2: Trait and Factor, Developmental, Learning, and Cognitive Theories