Question 1

Which of the following is not a clinical feature of Sturge-Weber syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The treatment for this syndrome is symptomatic. Skin disorders (i.e. birthmark, portwine stains) are treated using lasers, while seizures are controlled by anticonvulsants. Physiotherapy is carried out to ameliorate muscle weakness, while educational therapy is prescribed for those with mental retardation.

Question 2

Which of the following disorders are not commonly treated with antidepressants?

Accepted Answer

Bipolar disorders are treated with mood stabilizers, such as lithium carbonate (reduces suicide in bipolar). Lamotrigine, a mood stabilizer, is found to best in preventing depression. Agitation in bipolar disorders is commonly treated with antipsychotic drugs.
Monotherapy of antidepressants in bipolar disorders causes an increased incidence of rapid cycling between mania and depression. Monotherapy of mood stabilizers does little with treating depression in this disorder. That is why a combination therapy of antidepressants, antipsychotics, and mood stabilizers show significant changes in ameliorating the symptoms.

Question 3

Which of the following are atypical antipsychotic drugs?

Accepted Answer

Option A refers to atypical antipsychotic drugs. Atypical antipsychotic drugs (a.k.a. second generation neuroleptics) lead to lesser side effects, lower risk of suicides, and better quality of life.
Option B belongs to the first generation of neuroleptics that are highly associated with extrapyramidal symptoms, neuroleptics malignant syndrome, dyskinesia, and other side effects. Option C falls under anti-anxiety drugs, while option D falls under mood stabilizers and anticonvulsants.

Question 4

Which of the following is true about expressive aphasia?

Accepted Answer

In expressive aphasia, damage occurs in the Broca's area. Patients with expressive aphasia understand what is said, but are not able to communicate verbally. Options A and B refer to receptive aphasia. Option C refers to agnosia.

Question 5

Hemoptysis is not a clinical symptom of:

Accepted Answer

Hemoptysis is not a clinical symptom of emphysema. Hemoptysis is the coughing up of blood and/or blood streaked sputum. There are numerous underlying causes of hemoptysis, namely: pulmonary tuberculosis, lung abscess, lung cancer, sarcoidosis, pneumonia, foreign body aspiration, bronchitis, bronchiectasis, pulmonary embolism, or trauma.

Question 6

A 55-year-old man who works in a long-term health facility comes to the office complaining of cough, afternoon fever, night sweats, and easy fatigability. Tuberculosis is the initial diagnosis. Which of the following diagnostic tests is the most definitive for tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

Sputum culture is the most definitive test for tuberculosis. Chest X-rays show the location and presence of lesions in the lungs. Mantoux and tuberculin tests for signs of exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Question 7

Which of the following characteristics would be expected of the asthma of a patient with severe persistent asthma?

Accepted Answer

Continual symptoms of asthma with frequent exacerbations that do not quickly respond to treatments is severe persistent asthma. Option A refers to mild intermittent asthma. Option B refers to moderate persistent. Option D refers to status asthmaticus, a severe kind of asthma that does not respond to bronchodilators.

Question 8

A woman who is 20 weeks gestation has a risk to have which condition if she has a history of hypertension?

Accepted Answer

A history of hypertension increases the woman's risk for abruptio placenta. Also known as the premature separation of the placenta, abruptio placenta is caused by improper implantation of the placenta. This condition may occur during the third trimester or during the first or second stage of labor.

Question 9

A female patient suspected of having a neurological deficit is contraindicated for magnetic resonance imaging if she has a history of:

Accepted Answer

If a patient has any metal object inside the body, such as artificial heart valves, pacemaker, or metal hip prosthesis, he or she is contraindicated for magnetic resonance imaging.

Question 10

Lumbar puncture is contraindicated in patients with:

Accepted Answer

Patients with increased intracranial pressure are contraindicated for lumbar puncture. The procedure involves a rapid decrease in pressure, increasing the risk for brain herniation.

Question 11

A woman at 18 weeks gestation is pregnant for the seventh time. She had three elective abortions, the first at 12 weeks gestation, second at 21 weeks gestation, and third at 10 weeks gestation. She has a daughter born at 42 weeks gestation, a son born at 41 weeks gestation, and a set of twin boys born at 37 weeks gestation. What is the woman's GP-TPAL

Accepted Answer

The woman is pregnant for the seventh time (Gravida 7). She had three elective abortions (Abortions 3), first at 12 weeks gestation (not included in Parity because it occurred before 20 weeks), second at 21 weeks (included in Parity because it occurred after 20 weeks), and third at 10 weeks (not included in Parity). She has a daughter born at 42 weeks gestation (Term), a son born at 41 weeks (Term), and a set of twins at 37 weeks of gestation (2 Preterm not taken as 1 birth).The woman has 4 pregnancies that reached at least 20 weeks, with twins taken as one (Parity 4). The woman's GP-TPAL is G7P4-T2P2A3L4.

Question 12

A 69-year-old man comes to the office complaining of severe bone pain in the left leg. On assessment, a bowing deformity is noticed in the left leg, causing gait abnormalities. Tingling and weakness of the affected leg is also reported. Which of the following is the best initial test for suspected Paget's disease?

Accepted Answer

Alkaline phosphatase is the best initial test for a suspected Paget's disease. The X-ray is the most accurate test. The other options are appropriately ordered, but they are not the initial test.

Question 13

A woman at 24 weeks gestation is administered with a ritodrine (Yutopar) to stop premature labor. Which of the following is an adverse reaction of this medication?

Accepted Answer

Pulmonary edema, tachycardia, and other cardiovascular symptoms are the adverse effects of ritodrine. Hypotension, uterine rupture, and water intoxication are the adverse effects of oxytocin.

Question 14

A woman at 28 weeks gestation is administered with magnesium sulfate to control severe hypertension. The following findings indicate that the patient is experiencing magnesium sulfate toxicity except:

Accepted Answer

Magnesium sulfate is administered to pre-eclamptic and eclamptic pregnant women to prevent and control seizures. Respiratory depression, decreased reflexes, deceased urine output, flushing, and hypotension indicate that the patient is having magnesium sulfate toxicity.

Question 15

A patient comes to the office with extremely pale skin. Which condition is least likely to be indicated by pale skin?

Accepted Answer

Pale skin color can be indicative of shock, decreased blood pressure, emotional distress, or blood loss with associated blood vessel constriction, but not an indication of late stages of carbon monoxide poisoning. Patients in the late stages of carbon monoxide poisoning typically present with a cherry red or flushed skin color.

Question 16

A 35-year-old patient is diagnosed with essential hypertension. Upon evaluation, the patient needs further teaching when he states that __________ is a chronic complication of essential hypertension?

Accepted Answer

Essential hypertension refers to hypertension with no identifiable cause. Asthma is not a chronic complication of prolonged hypertension. The common long-term complications of essential hypertension include diabetes, CHF, neuropathy, nephropathy, diabetes mellitus, and retinopathy.

Question 17

A man is suspected of chronic glaucoma. Which of the following examinations should be ordered to determine the diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Tonometry is used to assess the intraocular pressure. The result of the diagnostic test will help in the diagnosis of chronic glaucoma. Chronic glaucoma is usually manifested by intraocular pressure greater than 50 mm Hg.

Question 18

Which of the following names layers of the skin from most superficial to deepest?

Accepted Answer

The layers of the skin from most superficial to deepest are epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous fatty tissue. The epidermis is actually composed primarily of dead skin cells. Burns that involve the epidermis only are referred to as superficial burns (once called first-degree burns). Typically reddening of the skin and pain occur with superficial burns, such as sunburns. Partial-thickness burns (once called second-degree burns) involve the epidermis and dermis. Blisters may occur with partial-thickness burns. Full-thickness burns involve the subcutaneous layers as well, and may include muscle, bone, and organs.

Question 19

An 80-year-old Hispanic woman attached to the ECG is diagnosed with myocardial infarction. Utilizing the ECG, an infarct is located on the base of the left ventricle. Which of the following arteries has been occluded?

Accepted Answer

Occlusion of the right artery results in infarction of the base or inferior wall of the left ventricle. Occlusion of the left circumflex artery results in infarction of the lateral wall or posterior wall. Occlusion of the left anterior descending artery results in infarction of the anterior wall or anterolateral wall.

Question 20

Secondary hypertension refers to increased blood pressure caused by an existing condition. Each of these following endocrine disorders can contribute to secondary hypertension, except:

Accepted Answer

Hypoaldosteronism does not lead to secondary hypertension; instead when there is an excessive amount of aldosterone in the bloodstream, the kidneys retain salt and water and lose too much potassium, leading to increased blood pressure.
Secondary hypertension is hypertension of known causes (5%-10% of all hypertensive cases) that includes diabetes mellitus, polycystic kidney disease, glomerular disease, hydronephrosis, Cushing's syndrome, hypo/hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism, Coarctation of the aorta, sleep apnea, obesity, pre-eclampsia, or due to medications and supplements.

Quiz 1: Adult Nurse Practioner Practice: Medical Conditions and Disorders