Question 1

A lesion in which of the following lower limb muscles will lead to weakness in dorsiflexing and inverting the foot?

Accepted Answer

A lesion in the tibilais anterior muscle will lead to weakness in dorsiflexing and inverting the foot. The tibialis anterior originates in the upper two-thirds of the tibia and inserts in the medial cuneiform and first metatarsal. Its responsibility is to dorsiflex and inverts the foot.

Question 2

Fracture of the neck of the femur results in avascular necrosis of the femoral head, resulting from lack of blood supply from which of the following arteries?

Accepted Answer

Fracture of the neck of the femur results in avascular necrosis of the femoral head, resulting from lack of blood supply from the medial femoral circumflex artery. In adults, the chief arterial supply to the head of the femur is from the branches of the medial femoral circumflex artery.

Question 3

In case of fracture of head of the talus, which of the following structures will be unable to function normally?

Accepted Answer

In case of fracture of head of the talus, the structure that will be unable to function normally is the medial longitudinal arch. The keystone of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot is the head of the talus, which is located at the summit between the sustentaculum tali and the navicular bone.

Question 4

In the case of a fracture to the head and neck of the fibula, which of the following nerves can be damaged?

Accepted Answer

In case of a fracture to the head and neck of the fibula, the nerve that can be damaged is common peroneal nerve. The common peroneal nerve is vulnerable to injury, as it passes behind the head of the fibula and then winds around the neck of the fibula and pierces the peroneus longus muscle, where it divides into the deep and superficial peroneal nerves.

Question 5

A condition of dilated, tortuous veins caused by increased intraluminal pressure is called:

Accepted Answer

A condition of dilated, tortuous veins caused by increased intraluminal pressure is called varicose veins. It commonly occurs in the superficial veins of the lower extremities and has no clinical sequale, other cosmetic than displeasure for most people.

Question 6

What is the clinical term frequently used for "brittle bone disease"?

Accepted Answer

The clinical term frequently used for "brittle bone disease" is osteogenesis imperfecta. It is a hereditary defect mainly caused due to abnormal synthesis of type I collagen.

Question 7

All of the following statements regarding osteogenesis imperfecta are true except:

Accepted Answer

All of the statements regarding osteogenesis imperfecta are true except the dermis is abnormally thick." The dermis may be actually abnormally thin and the skin is susceptible to easy bruising.

Question 8

All of the following features are true of osteopetrosis except:

Accepted Answer

All of the following features are true of osteoperosis except it is mainly due to abnormally increased osteoclast function. It is, in fact, a hereditary defect of decreased osteoclast function, leading to decreased resorption and thick sclerotic bones.

Question 9

"Erlenmeyer flask" shaped deformity is a characteristic radiological finding in which of the following bone diseases?

Accepted Answer

"Erlenmeyer flask" shaped deformity is a characteristic radiological finding in osteopetrosis. Long bones may have broadened metaphyses, resulting in the "Erlenmeyer flask" shaped deformity on radiographs.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the etiology of Paget's disease of bone?

Accepted Answer

The statement that is not true regarding the etiology of Paget's disease of bone is it is common in those of Asian ancestry. The disease is actually common in those of European ancestry. It is a localized disorder of bone remodeling, resulting in excessive bone reabsorption followed by disorganized bone replacement, producing thickened, but weak bone that is susceptible to deformity and fracture.

Question 11

A disease characterized by decreased bone mass (osteopenia), resulting in thin, fragile bones that are susceptible to fractures is called:

Accepted Answer

A disease characterized by decreased bone mass (osteopenia), resulting in thin, fragile bones that are susceptible to fractures is called osteoporosis. It is the most common bone disorder in people over the age of 60 and the most common bone disorder for people in the United States.

Question 12

A noncontact pivoting injury with a "pop" is characteristic of which of the following injuries?

Accepted Answer

A noncontact pivoting injury with a "pop" is characteristic of an ACL injury. This type of injury is very common in female basketball players. Up to 75% of patients with acute knee effusions will have an ACL injury.

Question 13

Which of the following should be obtained in skeletally immature patients with instability of the knee?

Accepted Answer

Stress radiographs should be obtained in skeletally immature patients with instability of the knee. A physeal fracture is more likely than a ligamentous injury in this population.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

The statement that is correct is "With renal failure, serum calcium is low." With renal failure, as with osteomalacia, serum calcium is low. This is due to the feedback loop receptors located in the anterior pituitary gland that secrete hyperparathyroid home to increase calcium production, but the signal is not received fully due to renal failure.

Question 15

Which of the following factors is associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures?

Accepted Answer

The factor that is associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures is body mass index of greater than 23. The use of tobacco, a family history of mother or maternal grandmother with hip fractures, postmenopausal state without estrogen replacement, vision problems, and a body mass index of less than 23 are all increased risks for fractures. A body mass index of greater than 23 does not represent an increased risk for fracture.

Question 16

Which of the following is an indication for surgical revascularization?

Accepted Answer

An indication for surgical revascularization is a necrotic fifth toe. The management of peripheral arterial occlusive disease is determined in part by the severity of the symptoms. Patients with limb threatening ischemia, indicated by rest pain, tissue necrosis, and non-healing wounds should be considered for revascularization urgently.

Question 17

Regional anesthesia for toe and foot surgery uses which of the following plans?

Accepted Answer

Regional anesthesia for toe and foot surgery uses an ankle nerve block. The ankle nerve block is administered at the base of the lower leg and numbs the foot and prevents pain during and after the surgery.

Question 18

All of the following benefits are attributed to the use of regional anesthesia used prior to ankle and foot surgery except:

Accepted Answer

All of the listed benefits are attributed to the use of regional anesthesia used prior to ankle and foot surgery except patients are free of any gastrointestinal side effects. While such patients are less likely to have nausea, vomiting, or a sore throat, they are not completely free of such effects.

Question 19

All of the following statements are true of Hungry bone syndrome except:

Accepted Answer

All of the listed statements are true of Hungry bone syndrome except it refers to hypocalcemia following surgical correction of hyperthyroidism. Hungry bone syndrome refers to hypocalcemia following surgical correction of hyperparathyroidism in patients with severe, prolonged disease, as serum calcium is rapidly taken from the circulation and deposited into the bone.

Question 20

Which of the following tests would be the most appropriate screening test to perform in osteoporosis?

Accepted Answer

The test that would be the most appropriate screening test to perform in osteoporosis is a DEXA scan. It is the most widely used test for the screening and diagnosis of osteoporosis. It is sensitive for the loss of bone density, exposes the patient to a relatively low dose of radiation, and is widely available at a reasonable cost.

Quiz 2: Orthopedic and Podiatric Conditions and Diseases