Question 1

Which of the following statements is true regarding Ewing's sarcoma?

Accepted Answer

The statement that is true regarding Ewing's sarcoma is histology alone is not specific for diagnosis and other methods such as MRI and radiographs are frequently used.

Question 2

Which of the following lab findings would be seen with nephrotic syndrome?

Accepted Answer

The lab finding that would be seen with nephrotic syndrome is proteinuria. This type of kidney disorder occurs due to inflammation affecting the glomeruli.

Question 3

Systemic hypertension causes hypertrophy of which part of the heart?

Accepted Answer

Systemic hypertension causes hypertrophy of the left ventricle. While systemic hypertension is the most common cause of left ventricular hypertrophy, others include aortic stenosis and coarctation of the aorta.

Question 4

Which of the following signs is not a clinical feature of bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

The sign that is not a feature of bacterial meningitis is Battle's sign. It is associated with head trauma, not bacterial meningitis. The remaining options are signs or symptoms of bacterial meningitis.

Question 5

Which type of seizures are characterized by a brief staring spell, usually lasting a few seconds?

Accepted Answer

The type of seizure characterized by a brief staring spell, usually lasting a few seconds, is an absence seizure. These seizures mainly occur in children; however, adults are known to experience this type of seizure as well. The remaining options describe other types of seizures.

Question 6

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are beneficial in treating arthritis because they:

Accepted Answer

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are beneficial in treating arthritis because they mediate the inflammatory response. They irreversibly inhibit cyclooxygenase, the enzyme responsible for prostaglandin synthesis. Prostaglandin triggers inflammation.

Question 7

If a patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, a podiatrist checking the patient's lab results would expect which of the following changes in laboratory findings?

Accepted Answer

If a patient is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism, a podiatrist checking the patient's lab results would expect a change in laboratory of elevated serum calcium. The parathyroid glands regulate the calcium level in the blood. In hyperparathyroidism, the serum calcium level will be elevated. Parathyroid hormone levels may be high or normal, but not low.

Question 8

Which of the following conditions is most likely related to the development of renal calculi?

Accepted Answer

A condition that is most likely related to the development of renal calculi is gout. Gout and renal calculi are both the result of increased amounts of uric acid.

Question 9

Which of the following substances has a disturbed synthesis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy?

Accepted Answer

The substance that has a disturbed synthesis in Duchenne muscular dystrophy is dystrophin. Duchenne dystrophy has been incontrovertibly linked to the gene that makes dystrophin, located on the X chromosome.

Question 10

If a patient comes to a podiatrist with a clinical features of dyspnea, calf pain, and warmth over the posterior calf, which of the following medical conditions could he or she may possibly have?

Accepted Answer

If a patient comes to a podiatrist with a complaint of dyspnea, calf pain, and warmth over the posterior calf, a medical condition that he or she may possibly have is DVT. All of the listed clinical features are indicative of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). All the other answers relate to one or two of the clinical features, but not all three.

Question 11

Which of the following bacteria does not cause meningitis?

Accepted Answer

The bacteria that does not cause meningitis is Streptobacillus moniliformis. It is linked to abscesses, bacteremia, and endocarditis and does not cause meningitis. All the other listed answers do cause bacterial meningitis.

Question 12

Which of the following clinical features is not included in the signs of avulsion of the Tibial Tubercle?

Accepted Answer

A clinical feature that is not included in the signs of avulsion of the Tibial Tubercle is the knee held in 20-40 degrees of extension. In fact, the knee is held in 20-40 degrees of flexion because of spasm of hamstrings.

Question 13

Which of the following X-ray changes best describes the diagnosis of congenital vertical talus?

Accepted Answer

The X-ray change that best describes the diagnosis of vertical talus is a dislocated navicular. Congenital vertical talus presents as the talus fixed in a vertical position with hypoplasia of the talar neck and head. The navicular is dislocated and articulates with the dorsal aspect of the talar neck. The tibionavicular and dorsal talonavicular ligaments are contracted preventing reduction of the navicular.

Question 14

The most successful strategy for the treatment of a navicular stress fracture involves early:

Accepted Answer

The most successful strategy for the treatment of a navicular stress fracture involves early non-weight bearing. Uncomplicated navicular stress fractures will usually heal with strict non-weightbearing for 6 to 8 weeks; surgical treatment is usually not recommended unless the navicular is unstable.

Question 15

Which of the following actions best describes the most common mechanism involved in the ankle fracture?

Accepted Answer

The action that best describes the most common mechanism involved in the ankle fracture is supination external rotation. At the time of fracture, the foot is in a supinated position and an external rotator force is applied.

Question 16

All of the following conditions are considered risk factors for hallux varus deformity except:

Accepted Answer

All of the listed conditions are considered risk factors for hallux varus deformity except lengthening of the extensor tendon. It will affect sagittal plane positioning, but will not affect transverse plane (hallux varus) deformities.

Question 17

Which of the following investigations is considered most sensitive for neuromuscular disorders?

Accepted Answer

The investigation that is considered most sensitive for neuromuscular disorders is Creatine phosphokinase (CPK). It is an enzyme found in heart, brain, and skeletal muscle tissue and is used to diagnose various muscle disorders in serum blood testing.

Question 18

Which of the following factors best explains the blood pressure reduction when spinal anesthesia is used?

Accepted Answer

The factor that best explains the blood pressure reduction when spinal anesthesia is used is sympathectomy may cause vasodilatation. It should be noted that hypotension during spinal anesthesia is the result of arterial and venous dilation.

Question 19

Which of the following nail changes are characteristically found in lichen planus?

Accepted Answer

The nail changes that are characteristically found in lichen planus is pterygium. Pterygium is commonly seen when nails are affected by lichen planus due to involvement of the nail matrix. In some rare occasions, the nail matrix can be destroyed permanently with major pterygium formation.

Question 20

Peroneal muscular atrophy is commonly known as:

Accepted Answer

Peroneal muscular atrophy is commonly known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. As the disease progresses, symmetrical muscular atrophy and weakness are apparent in peroneal muscles and toe extensors.

Quiz 2: Orthopedic and Podiatric Conditions and Diseases