Question 1

The concept of categories was advocated by :
A)kant
B)kant and aristotle
C)kant and locke
D)kant and berkeley

Accepted Answer

The concept of categories was advocated by both Kant and Aristotle, though they approached it in different ways. Aristotle introduced categories as a way to classify information and objects, while Kant used categories to describe the conditions of the possibility of knowledge in the first place.

Question 2

According to Kant ????????????-judgments are always aposteriori
A)analytical
B)synthetic
C)ethical
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Kant argued that synthetic judgments expand our knowledge and are always a posteriori when they are empirical, meaning they are derived from experience. Synthetic judgments contrast with analytic judgments, which are a priori and do not depend on experience for their validation.

Question 3

According to ????????????--, monads are windowless
A)descartes
B)leibniz
C)spinoza
D)hegel

Accepted Answer

Leibniz described monads as "windowless" in his philosophy, meaning they do not interact with each other directly but only through pre-established harmony set by God.

Question 4

In Transcendental Aesthetic, Kant discusses the theory of ????????????--
A)space and time
B)morality
C)god
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

In the Transcendental Aesthetic section of his Critique of Pure Reason, Immanuel Kant discusses the theory of space and time, arguing that they are forms of intuition that structure all of our experiences.

Question 5

????????????-- believes that there are no innate ideas in the mind
A)plato
B)spinoza
C)kant
D)locke

Accepted Answer

John Locke is the philosopher who argued against the notion of innate ideas, proposing instead that the mind is a "tabula rasa" or blank slate at birth, and that knowledge is acquired through experience and perception.

Question 6

'To be is to be perceived' is a theory of????????????
A)descartes
B)leibniz
C)spinoza
D)berkeley

Accepted Answer

This statement is the central thesis of George Berkeley's idealism. Berkeley argued that the existence of objects depends on their being perceived.

Question 7

Leibniz belongs to ????????????school
A)rationalism
B)empiricism
C)idealism
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Leibniz is associated with the rationalism school of philosophy, which emphasizes reason as the chief source and test of knowledge, as opposed to empiricism, which emphasizes sensory experience.

Question 8

Which one of the following is a work of Kant
A)ethics
B)monadology
C)critique of purereason
D)all of these

Accepted Answer

"Critique of Pure Reason" is a work by Immanuel Kant, focusing on epistemology and metaphysics. The other options do not specifically refer to works by Kant; "Ethics" is too broad and not a title of his work, and "Monadology" is by Leibniz.

Question 9

Berkeley is ????????????--
A)pragmatist
B)rationalist
C)empiricist
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Berkeley is known as an empiricist because he emphasized the importance of empirical evidence through sensory experience as the source of knowledge, challenging the rationalist emphasis on reason and innate ideas.

Question 10

According to Berkeley matter is an????????????-
A)immanent idea
B)abstract idea
C)pure idea
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to Berkeley matter is an????????????-
A)immanent idea
B)abstract...

Question 11

Pineal gland is the ???????????? of the soul according to Descartes
A)subject
B)controller
C)seat
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Descartes referred to the pineal gland as the "seat of the soul," believing it to be the principal seat of the soul and the place in which all our thoughts are formed.

Question 12

The distinction between impression and idea was made by
A)kant
B)locke
C)hume
D)berkeley

Accepted Answer

The distinction between impression and idea was made by David Hume. He argued that impressions are vivid sensory experiences, while ideas are the faint images of these in thinking and reasoning.

Question 13

According to Berkeley
A)ideas but not the minds exist
B)minds but not the ideas exist
C)both ideas and the minds exist
D)neither ideas nor the minds exist

Accepted Answer

Berkeley's philosophy, known as immaterialism or idealism, posits that reality consists solely of minds and their ideas. Objects outside of perception do not exist independently; their existence depends on being perceived. Thus, both ideas (perceived objects) and minds (perceivers) exist.

Question 14

Who among the following rejected matter as an abstract idea
A)hume
B)berkeley
C)descartes
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Berkeley famously rejected the idea of matter as an abstract concept, arguing instead that objects only exist to the extent that they are perceived. He is known for his immaterialist or idealist philosophy, which posits that reality consists only of minds and their ideas; matter, as commonly understood, does not exist independently of perception.

Question 15

Who introduced the concept 'Cogito ergosum'
A)spinoza
B)leibniz
C)kant
D)descartes

Accepted Answer

The phrase "Cogito, ergo sum" translates to "I think, therefore I am" and was introduced by René Descartes, a French philosopher, mathematician, and scientist. This statement is a fundamental element in Western philosophy, particularly in the context of epistemology, as it provides a foundation for the certainty of one's own existence.

Question 16

The primary aim of Descartes is
A)to explain the relation between body and mind.
B)to prove the existence of god.
C)to refute the reality of the external world.
D)to reach clear and certain knowledge

Accepted Answer

Descartes' primary aim was to establish a foundation for knowledge that is clear and certain, which he believed could be achieved through the method of doubt and the cogito argument ("I think, therefore I am").

Question 17

Who called God as Natura Naturata?
A)locke
B)kant
C)spinoza
D)hume

Accepted Answer

Spinoza referred to God as Natura Naturata, emphasizing a pantheistic view where God and nature are seen as one and the same, with God being everything that exists.

Question 18

???????????? claims a material world which exists apart from perceiving mind, is unnecessary and false
A)hume
B)berkeley
C)descartes
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Berkeley is known for his immaterialist philosophy, arguing that the material world only exists insofar as it is perceived by a mind. He famously summarized this position with the phrase "esse est percipi" (to be is to be perceived), denying the existence of matter as independent of perception.

Question 19

According to Leibniz the monads are ???????????? and everything is potential or implicit in it
A)modifications
B)windowless
C)strong
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

Leibniz described monads as "windowless" to emphasize their self-sufficiency and the idea that they do not interact with each other directly, but rather reflect the universe in a pre-established harmony.

Question 20

The Critique of Pure Reason is really a treatise on ????????????-- with special reference to science
A)epistemology
B)metaphysics
C)axiology
D)none of these

Accepted Answer

The Critique of Pure Reason by Immanuel Kant is primarily a treatise on epistemology, which is the branch of philosophy concerned with the theory of knowledge, especially with regard to its methods, validity, and scope, and the distinction between justified belief and opinion. It examines how we come to understand the world through our senses and reason, with a significant focus on scientific knowledge.

Quiz 3: Philosophical Concepts and Thinkers

The concept of categories was advocated by :

According to Kant ????????????-judgments are always aposteriori

According to ????????????--, monads are windowless

In Transcendental Aesthetic, Kant discusses the theory of ????????????--

????????????-- believes that there are no innate ideas in the mind

'To be is to be perceived' is a theory of????????????

Leibniz belongs to ????????????school

Which one of the following is a work of Kant

Berkeley is ????????????--

According to Berkeley matter is an????????????-

Pineal gland is the ???????????? of the soul according to Descartes

The distinction between impression and idea was made by

According to Berkeley

Who among the following rejected matter as an abstract idea

Who introduced the concept 'Cogito ergosum'

The primary aim of Descartes is

Who called God as Natura Naturata?

???????????? claims a material world which exists apart from perceiving mind, is unnecessary and false

According to Leibniz the monads are ???????????? and everything is potential or implicit in it

The Critique of Pure Reason is really a treatise on ????????????-- with special reference to science