Question 1

Which of the following are the three components of Côté and Gilbert's (2009) definition of coaching effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

Côté and Gilbert's (2009) definition of coaching effectiveness includes three components: coach knowledge, coaching contexts, and athletes' outcomes. Coach behaviours and athletes' behaviours are not explicitly stated as components in their definition. Similarly, peer interaction and parent behaviours are not mentioned as components.

Question 2

A parent who provides firm parental direction for their child's choice of university sport experiences, but enough flexibility so that the athlete is given significant involvement in decision making, is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A moderately involved parent provides guidance and rules for their child, but also allows some flexibility for the athlete to make their own choices. This approach can help to promote independence and decision-making skills in the athlete while still providing support and structure.

Question 3

Coaches who enhance youth's 4 C's in sport contexts typically

Accepted Answer

Coaches who enhance youth's 4 C's in sport contexts involve athletes in decision-making processes and display care and concern for athletes. The evaluation of athletes' performances based solely on win-loss records may not necessarily enhance the 4 Cs (communication, collaboration, critical thinking, and creativity) and may even hinder them by creating a pressure to win at all costs. Therefore, the best choice is E, which includes options A and B only.

Question 4

A water-polo coach places a great emphasis on building self-esteem, decreasing anxiety, and having fun. Which youth sport objective does he appear most focused on?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A water-polo coach places a great emphasis...

Question 5

How is coaches' knowledge conceptualized in Côté and Gilbert's (2009) definition of coaching effectiveness?

Accepted Answer

Côté and Gilbert (2009) conceptualize coaches' knowledge in three domains: professional (knowledge about the sport), interpersonal (knowledge about dealing with others), and intrapersonal (knowledge about self-reflection and self-awareness).

Question 6

Children who change soccer and basketball rules to suit their environment and their needs (for example, playing in the street, on a playing field, or in someone's backyard) are displaying which type of activity?

Accepted Answer

Deliberate play refers to unstructured play in which children change the rules to suit their needs and environment. This type of play promotes creativity, decision-making skills, and a love of the game, and is a crucial part of youth sports development. The other options do not accurately describe this type of activity.

Question 7

A soccer coach provides quality technical instruction to athletes in a logical and progressive manner. Which youth sport objective does she appear to be contributing to?

Accepted Answer

The answer of A soccer coach provides quality technical instruction...

Question 8

Which one of the following is considered to be an internal developmental asset?

Accepted Answer

Commitment to learning is an internal developmental asset as it relates to personal growth and goal-setting. Empowerment, support, constructive use of time, and boundaries and expectations are all external developmental assets that typically involve the support and resources provided by the individual's environment.

Question 9

A positive youth development approach focuses on the ________ of young people?

Accepted Answer

A positive youth development approach focuses on the strengths and personal assets of young people, rather than their weaknesses or vulnerabilities. It aims to provide opportunities for young people to develop their potential and build their resilience, leading to healthier and more fulfilling lives.

Question 10

Which of the following is not one of the revised 4 C's of positive youth development for sport?

Accepted Answer

The revised 4 C's of positive youth development for sport are competence, confidence, connection, and character. "Caring" is not one of the revised 4 C's.

Question 11

________ describes sport situations when athletes seek to demonstrate their superiority over opponents.

Accepted Answer

Decompetition describes sport situations when athletes seek to demonstrate their superiority over opponents, often focusing on winning at all costs rather than the spirit of fair play.

Question 12

A coach who trains his athletes to improve their aerobic capacity for future games and is concerned with athletes improving in each performance is displaying which aspect of youth sport?

Accepted Answer

The coach's focus on improving aerobic capacity and performance indicates a commitment to deliberate practice, which involves structured, focused training aimed at specific skills and goals. Deliberate competition involves creating opportunities for athletes to compete and learn from competition, while deliberate play prioritizes fun and creativity over competition or outcome. Early specialization involves directing young athletes towards a single sport or activity, while relaxed leisure activities prioritize enjoyment and non-competitive participation.

Question 13

A ten-year-old female who solely participates in the sport of swimming and trains up to eighteen hours per week is complaining of muscle soreness and is frequently injured. From a health perspective, what type of training has there probably been too great an emphasis placed on?

Accepted Answer

The emphasis on early specialization (focusing solely on one sport at a young age) is likely the reason for the muscle soreness and frequent injuries in this ten-year-old swimmer. Eighteen hours of training per week is a significant amount of time for a young athlete to be engaging in one specific activity without allowing for rest and recovery. Additionally, early specialization has been linked to burnout and decreased enjoyment of the sport later in life. Deliberate practice and deliberate play are important components of athletic development, but they should be balanced with rest and cross-training to prevent overuse injuries. Deliberate outcome is not a recognized training term in sports science.

Question 14

Which of the following would not be considered a positive physical health outcome of youth sport?

Accepted Answer

Increased happiness is associated with mental and emotional well-being rather than a direct physical health outcome. The other options directly relate to physical health benefits of participating in youth sports.

Question 15

Which of the following is not considered a constructive leisure activity?

Accepted Answer

While hanging out with friends can be a fun and enjoyable activity, it is not necessarily considered constructive in the same way that the other options listed are. Constructive leisure activities typically involve a creative or productive component, such as learning a new skill or creating something.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a potential negative outcome of positive youth sport?

Accepted Answer

Social mobility is not a negative outcome of positive youth sport. It refers to the ability to move up or down in social class, and is not directly related to youth sports. Choices A, B, D, and E are all potential negative outcomes associated with youth sports, such as the pressure to maintain a certain physique leading to eating disorders, exposure to peer influences leading to increased alcohol consumption, development of aggressive behavior, and burnout from excessive training or competition.

Question 17

________ describes sport situations where there is mutual understanding that competition serves the interest of all participants, who are focusing their effort and concentration towards a particular goal.

Accepted Answer

True competition describes situations where all participants understand and accept that the competitive aspect of a sport serves the interests of everyone involved, and they focus their efforts and concentration towards achieving a particular goal. This type of competition fosters a sense of camaraderie and teamwork among competitors.

Question 18

Which one of the following is considered to be an external developmental asset?

Accepted Answer

Support is considered an external developmental asset as it refers to the positive relationships, caring adults, and community resources that youth have access to in their environment. The other options listed are internal developmental assets as they refer to personal traits and characteristics that youth possess within themselves.

Question 19

An athlete who has developed strong friendships through participating in youth sports has experienced which of the 4 C's?

Accepted Answer

The athlete has experienced connection through developing strong friendships. The 4 C's of youth development are competence, character, connection, and confidence.

Question 20

What are the three primary objectives of youth sport?

Accepted Answer

The primary objectives of youth sport are participation, performance, and personal development. Choice B accurately identifies these objectives.

Quiz 10: Youth Involvement and Positive Development in Sport