Question 1

Individuals believe that other people can be manipulated, and that it is permissible to do so to reach their goals are sometimes referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

High Mach individuals have a tendency to manipulate others for their own gain and believe it is acceptable to do so. They score high on the Machiavellianism scale, which measures traits such as deceitfulness, callousness, and manipulation. This set of characteristics is commonly associated with individuals who are likely to engage in acts of white-collar crime.

Question 2

Which of the following Big 5 personality traits describes a tendency to be anxious or moody?

Accepted Answer

Neuroticism is a personality trait that describes a tendency to experience negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and moodiness. People who score high in neuroticism are often seen as being more sensitive and worrying more about potential threats or negative outcomes.

Question 3

In the Type ABCD personality theory, which type is more relaxed and easygoing?

Accepted Answer

Type B personalities are more relaxed, easygoing and laid back compared to Type A personalities who are more competitive and ambitious. Type C personalities tend to be detail-oriented and conscientious, while Type D personalities typically experience negative emotions and tend to be socially inhibited.

Question 4

If Yun has been exhibiting behaviors of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy, she would be showing signs of ______.

Accepted Answer

The given behaviors are indicative of the dark triad of personality traits, which includes narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. The correct answer is, therefore, option C.

Question 5

Which of the following personality types in the Type ABCD personality theory has been shown to be linked with heart disease?

Accepted Answer

Type A personality, characterized by competitiveness, impatience, and hostility, has been linked with heart disease in several studies. Type B personality, characterized by being more relaxed and easy-going, is not typically associated with an increased risk for heart disease. Type C personality is characterized by suppressed emotions and has been linked with cancer. Type D personality is characterized by negative emotions and social inhibition and has been linked with cardiovascular disease, but not as strongly as Type A personality.

Question 6

Sally wants to use a personality measure to assess the potential health consequences in her work group. Which measure has the most empirical support in this regard?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Sally wants to use a personality measure...

Question 7

Which of the following characteristics of psychological capital is a person's belief that they have the ability to execute a specific task in a given context?

Accepted Answer

"Efficacy" refers to a person's belief in their ability to execute a specific task in a given context. "Hope" is a positive outlook on future opportunities and possibilities, "optimism" is a general positive outlook on life, and "resiliency" is the ability to bounce back from challenging situations.

Question 8

Psychological capital is an emerging area of study that shows personal characteristics are ______.

Accepted Answer

Psychological capital asserts that personal characteristics such as optimism, self-efficacy, hope, and resilience can be developed and improved over time, indicating that they are open to change.

Question 9

Mary wants to know which of the Big 5 personality traits has been shown to best predict job performance in general. Which characteristic should she look for?

Accepted Answer

Conscientiousness has consistently been shown to be the best predictor of job performance across a variety of occupations and job types. This trait reflects a person's tendency to be responsible, organized, dependable, and goal-oriented.

Question 10

People exhibiting impulsivity and thrill seeking combined with low empathy and anxiety are sometimes referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

People with impulsivity and thrill seeking combined with low empathy and anxiety are often described as exhibiting psychopathic traits. High Mach refers to individuals who score high on the Machiavellianism scale, which measures traits such as manipulativeness and callousness. While there may be some overlap between these two concepts, they are not interchangeable.

Question 11

People who seem good at self-observation and self-control guided by situational cues to social appropriateness are often referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

People who are good at self-observation and self-control guided by situational cues to social appropriateness are referred to as high self-monitors. This term was originally coined by Snyder in 1974 and refers to individuals who are skilled at regulating their behavior to fit different social situations. High self-monitors are often able to adjust their behavior to fit the demands of different situations, and they are less likely to behave in a consistent manner across different situations. They may be perceived as more socially adept and charismatic, as they are able to tailor their behavior to the expectations of others.

Question 12

People who can appear charming or pleasant in the short term, but in the long term they have difficulty trusting others and fail to develop effective working relationships are commonly referred to as ______.

Accepted Answer

People who appear charming and pleasant, but have difficulty trusting and developing relationships are likely to have narcissistic traits. Narcissists often have an elevated sense of self-importance, lack empathy, and use others for personal gain, which makes it difficult for them to form long-term relationships.

Question 13

Which of the following is a psychological capital characteristic?

Accepted Answer

Resiliency is a psychological capital characteristic that refers to the ability to bounce back from adversity, adapt to change, and maintain a positive attitude despite setbacks. Dreams, efficiency, and financial health are not considered psychological capital characteristics.

Question 14

In the Type ABCD personality theory, which type is nice, self-sacrificing, and compliant as well as trying to appease others?

Accepted Answer

Type C personality traits include being compliant, accommodating, and avoidance of conflicts. They prioritize maintaining social harmony and tend to sacrifice their own needs for others' well-being.

Question 15

Frank is concerned about the potential health consequences related to the personality traits of his employees. He can do which of the following to offset the detrimental effects of personality on the health of his employees?

Accepted Answer

Providing social support has been shown to be an effective way to offset the negative health consequences associated with certain personality traits. This can include support from friends, family, and coworkers. Hanging on to stress, increasing psychological risk factors, and working longer hours are likely to exacerbate health problems associated with negative personality traits.

Question 16

Trait-like implies that a personality characteristic is relatively ______.

Accepted Answer

Trait-like implies that a personality characteristic is stable over time, meaning that it is consistent and enduring across different situations and over the course of time.

Question 17

A personality trait defined as "any purposive activity that entails novelty or danger sufficient to create anxiety in most people" is called ______.

Accepted Answer

Risk taking involves engaging in activities that involve novelty or danger, which can create anxiety in most people. Conscientiousness, neuroticism, and agreeableness are not directly related to engaging in risky behavior.

Question 18

One component of the Dark Triad is ______.

Accepted Answer

The Dark Triad consists of three personality traits: narcissism, psychopathy, and Machiavellianism. Of these three, Machiavellianism involves manipulating and exploiting others for personal gain, often at the expense of others, making D the correct answer. Neuroticism is not part of the Dark Triad, and while self-monitoring and risk-taking can be related to these traits, they are not considered direct components of the Dark Triad.

Question 19

In the Type ABCD personality theory, this type is a combination of negative affect and social inhibition.

Accepted Answer

Type D personality is a combination of negative affect (experiencing negative emotions such as anxiety, depression, and stress) and social inhibition (avoiding or holding back in social situations). Type A is characterized by competitiveness and a sense of urgency, Type B is characterized by a relaxed and laid-back attitude, and Type C is characterized by a tendency to suppress emotions and cope with stress through denial.

Question 20

Victoria is a new sales manager and wants to know which Big 5 personality trait has been shown to be beneficial for sales performance?

Accepted Answer

Extroversion has consistently been shown to be the most beneficial Big 5 personality trait for sales performance, as it is associated with assertiveness, sociability, and the ability to form and maintain new relationships.

Quiz 2: Personality and Person–Environment Fit