Question 1

The stepfather-stepchild relationship is likely to be the most problematic when:

Accepted Answer

The stepfather-stepchild relationship is likely to be the most problematic when the stepchild is a teenaged girl.
According to studies, it is usually the teenage girls that have the most difficulty forming good relationships with their stepfathers. Boys, on the other hand, have been shown to have an easier time developing a positive relationship with their stepfathers.

Question 2

At what stage are children using magical thinking according to Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory?

Accepted Answer

Children use magical thinking in Piaget's Preoperational Stage.
Magical thinking, or believing that thinking about something will make it happen, is a manifestation of precausal reasoning that is typical for the preoperational stage.

Question 3

Sharon's parents have a permissive parenting style. When she grows up she is likely to:

Accepted Answer

Sharon is likely to be low in achievement.
Juvenile delinquencies are typical for children with rejecting-neglecting parents. Having high self-esteem is typical for children with authoritative parents. Aggression is common among children with authoritarian parents.

Question 4

A child participating in Piaget's experiment has just learned to imagine how the room in which she is sitting must look like from Piaget's perspective. How old is the child likely to be according to Piaget?

Accepted Answer

The child is likely to be 7-11-years old.
Children 7-11-years old are in the concrete operational stage and are no longer egocentric, meaning they are able to see things from another person's perspective.

Question 5

According to Marcia, adolescents who have not experienced identity crisis but have adopted their parent's ideologies are at what stage?

Accepted Answer

Adolescents at this stage are in identity foreclosure.
During identity foreclosure, adolescents have adopted an identity that has been imposed on them by their same-sex parent. Identity achievement is the last stage of identity development during which adolescents achieve permanent identity. Identity diffusion is the first stage of identity development when an adolescent has neither experienced identity crisis nor formed a permanent identity and identity moratorium is a stage during which adolescents experience identity crisis.

Question 6

Some studies suggest that bilingual children perform better than monolingual children in studies measuring:

Accepted Answer

Bilingual children tend to perform better on executive functions.
Studies show that bilingual children tend to have a smaller vocabulary size in one particular language than monolingual children, and have greater difficulties discriminating speech sounds that are presented to them in noise. While they tend to have lower grades than their monolingual counterparts, their executive functioning skills are often superior to monolingual children.

Question 7

Instead of a sensitive period, there is a critical period in:

Accepted Answer

There is a critical period in being able to combine information from two eyes.
Although numerous different critical periods have been found in both humans and animals in their physical development, scientists are much less reluctant to say that there is a critical period, a time window outside of which it is impossible to learn something, in child's cognitive development. Rather, they talk about sensitive periods during which it is easier for a child to learn a certain skill.

Question 8

When investigating risk factors that could negatively influence a child's psychological growth, Rutter (1985) identified six family risk factors. Which of the following is NOT a risk factor identified by Rutter:

Accepted Answer

Living in a single-parent household is not one of the risk factors identified by Rutter.
The risk factors identified by Rutter include the following: severe marital discord, low socioeconomic status, overcrowding or large family size, parental criminality, maternal psychopathology, and placement of the child outside of the home.

Question 9

A child's parents argue constantly and often have foul moods. Whenever they talk to the child, he is left feeling anxious. As a result of constantly worrying at home, the child often feels tired at school and has trouble answering questions from his teachers. Which component of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model (2004) best describes this situation?

Accepted Answer

The scenario is best classified as belonging to a mesosystem.
The exosystem and macrosystem components of Bronfenbrenner's Ecological Model (2004) are too broad to properly describe the presented scenario. Although the relationships the child has both at home and at school fall into microsystems, the scenario clearly shows that interaction exists between the two systems.

Question 10

Alterations in chromosome structure can occur through a number of ways. Which of the following describes inversion?

Accepted Answer

A chromosome broken in two places is reattached upside down is a correct explanation of inversion.
A segment of a chromosome transferred to another describes translocation while a part of a chromosome goes missing describes deletion.

Question 11

Which one of these statements concerning fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) and fetal alcohol effects (FAE) is true?

Accepted Answer

Children with FAE are less likely to be born with facial abnormalities and intellectual disabilities than children with FAS is the only correct statement.
FAE is more common than FAS, the symptoms of both FAS and FAE are often permanent, and the symptoms of FAS are generally more severe than those of FAE.

Question 12

According to the framework created by Baumrind and her colleagues (1991), an authoritative parent is one who:

Accepted Answer

An authoritative parent typically combines both reasoned control and responsivity to create high standards and uses rewards, praise, and explanations.
High demands and low responsivity, little responsivity or demands with the possibility of hostility, and few demands and being non-punitive describe authoritarian, rejecting-neglecting, and permissive parenting styles respectively.

Quiz 5: Growth and Lifespan Development