Question 1

What should be the first action to help a client who is bleeding from the left forearm?

Accepted Answer

To control external bleeding, apply pressure with your hand over the bleeding site. Do not release the pressure until the bleeding stops. The affected part should be elevated. Applying pressure over the artery above the bleeding site, e.g. to the brachial artery, is only applicable if the direct pressure does not control the bleeding. Remember the question is asking for the first action. Covering the person is not a correct action.

Question 2

You are a client who just had an abdominal surgery with coughing and deep breathing. Which of the following is not a correct procedure?

Accepted Answer

The client should exhale slowly through pursed lips, not inhale. The client should exhale until the ribs move as far down as possible. The other responses are correct procedures to assist in coughing and deep breathing exercises.

Question 3

Melrose (CNA) is taking care of Mr. Wilkins, a COPD client who is on oxygen therapy. Her knowledge about oxygen flow rates is important in order to provide efficient and safe nursing care to her client. Which of the following signifies her true understanding of oxygen flow rates?

Accepted Answer

The nurse assistant should monitor the flow rate that is ordered by the physician. Tell the nurse at once if it is too high or too low. Some states and agencies let nursing assistants adjust flow rates. Know your agency's policy. Flow rate is the amount of oxygen given. It is measured in liters per minute (L/min). The nurse or respiratory therapist sets the flow rate.

Question 4

Rehabilitation and restorative care focus on:

Accepted Answer

The person with a disability needs to adjust physically, psychologically, socially, and economically. Rehabilitation is the process of restoring the person to his or her highest possible level of physical, psychological, social, and economical functions. Abilities - what the person can do - are stressed.

Question 5

Using the principles of standard precautions, the nurse assistant would apply gloves when performing which of the following procedures?

Accepted Answer

Providing oral hygiene is a procedure that exposes the nurse assistant to a client's body fluids. The other responses do not require the use of gloves because contact with body fluids is not a concern.

Question 6

Kristine (CNA) is working in a geriatric screening clinic. Kristine would expect that the skin of normal elderly clients will demonstrate which of the following characteristics?

Accepted Answer

A loss of elastic skin turgor is a normal process of aging. The other options are not normal findings for elderly clients.

Question 7

The nurse assistant is helping a hemiplegic client get dressed. Which of the following is a correct way to help this client get dressed?

Accepted Answer

The nurse assistant is assisting a hemiplegic client get dressed correctly by dressing the client's weak or involved extremity first and undressing the client's weak or involved extremity last.

Question 8

You are assisting the nurse in collecting a urine specimen from a client who has been catheterized. When the urine begins to flow through the catheter, you will help:

Accepted Answer

When the urine begins to flow through the catheter, you will help place the catheter tip into the specimen container. Catheterization is performed by a licensed nurse upon the order of the physician. In this particular scenario, the client is catheterized for the purpose of urine specimen collection. If the nurse assistant is asked to assist the nurse in this procedure, make sure that a sterile specimen container is available for urine collection. The other options are incorrect because these are steps in inserting an indwelling a catheter.

Question 9

The nurse assistant would expect a client diagnosed with hypertension to report which common symptom?

Accepted Answer

Headache is the most common symptom of hypertension. Hypertension has been called "the silent killer" because it gives no warning. In the early stages of this disease, there are often no symptoms. As the disease develops, people may complain of headaches, vision changes, or problems with their urinary output.

Question 10

Mr. Gonzales was advised by his doctor to limit salt intake because of his hypertension. Which of the following dietary practices will help him reduce his sodium intake?

Accepted Answer

A sodium-controlled diet is ordered by the physician for clients with heart diseases, fluid retention, liver diseases, and some kidney diseases. Foods that have high salt contents include frozen, instant, smoked, pickled, and boxed foods. Lunch meats, soy sauce, salad dressings, fast foods, soups and snacks such as potato chips and pretzels also contain large amounts of salt.

Question 11

Mrs. Lippett, age 66, is experiencing sensory and perceptual problems that affect her right visual field (right homonymous hemianopia) because of stroke. When placing a meal tray in front of Mrs. Lippett, the nurse assistant should:

Accepted Answer

The client has blindness in the same visual field of both eyes. The safety of the client is the priority of care. Appropriate measures to manage this problem are:
§Approach the client from the unaffected side.
§Place the client's personal objects within the unaffected visual field.
§Encourage the client to turn the head to scan the complete range of vision; otherwise, he or she does not see half of the visual field.
§Encourage independence in activities of daily living to promote self-esteem.

Question 12

Mrs. Ricketts has chronic gouty arthritis. The diet appropriate for Mrs. Ricketts would include:

Accepted Answer

Mrs. Ricketts should eat low fat milk, green salad, and citrus fruits. Gout is a systemic disease in which urate crystals deposit in joints and other body tissues. The diet appropriate for clients with gouty arthritis is a low-purine diet. Avoid foods such as organ meats, wines, aged cheese, mackerel, sardines, scallops, sweetbreads, gravies, meat extracts, and anchovies. Encourage a high fluid intake to prevent stone formation.

Question 13

One evening, Lizbeth suddenly begins running up and down the hall. She strips off her clothing and strikes out widely at anyone she sees. All of the following interventions would be appropriate except:

Accepted Answer

Applying restraints is only appropriate after other measures fail to protect the client. The care plan must include measure to protect the client and prevent harm to others.

Question 14

The most appropriate time for the nurse assistant to obtain a sputum specimen is:

Accepted Answer

The best time to collect a sputum specimen is in the morning, right after the client awakens. Make sure that a sterile container is available to collect the specimen. The client may be instructed not to eat or rinse his mouth upon rising until the specimen is obtained. If the client has eaten recently, have him rinse out his mouth. Ask the client to take three consecutive deep breaths. On the third breath, ask him to exhale deeply and cough. The client should be able to bring up sputum from within the lungs. Explain to him that saliva is not adequate for this test.

Question 15

Which of the following interventions promotes client safety?

Accepted Answer

Safety is a basic need. You must protect clients from harm. Safety measures include:
Always identify the client right before you begin a task or procedure. The ID bracelet is checked against the assignment sheet to accurately identify the client.
The client is checked often. Frequent checks are made on clients with poor judgment or memory.
The client is taught how to use the signal light. The signal light is always within the person's reach.

Question 16

Studies have shown that about 40% of patients fall out of bed despite the use of side rails; this has led to which of the following conclusions?

Accepted Answer

Side rails are a reminder to a patient not to get out of bed. The nurse and care plan tell you when to raise side rails. They are needed by clients who are unconscious or sedated with drugs. Some confused or disoriented clients need them. If a client needs side rails, keep them up at all times except when giving bedside care.

Question 17

The most common injury among elderly persons is:

Accepted Answer

Normal changes to the musculoskeletal system that come with aging include a decrease in calcium absorption, a decrease in bone replacement, and loss of muscle mass and tone. These predispose the elderly person to hip fractures, a common injury, because many elderly people attempt tasks they cannot execute cause themselves harm.

Question 18

Which of the following factors contributes to constipation?

Accepted Answer

Constipation is the passage of a hard, dry stool. The person usually strains to have a bowel movement. Common causes include a low-fiber diet, ignoring the urge to defecate and not having a regular time for defecation daily, decreased fluid intake, inactivity, drugs, aging, and certain diseases. Microbes in food and water are attributed to diarrhea.

Question 19

Which of the following is the most important risk factor for development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease?

Accepted Answer

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a respiratory ailment that is comprised of three disorders: chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and asthma. Smoking is the most common cause.

Question 20

An incontinent elderly client frequently wets his bed and eventually develops redness and skin excoriation at the perianal area. The best care goal for this client is to:

Accepted Answer

Urinary incontinence is the loss of bladder control. The client is at risk for skin irritation, infection, and pressure ulcers. The best care goal is to keep the client clean and dry at all times. The other options are also nursing measures for persons with urinary incontinence, but the focus of care should be on the client and not on the linens and bed.

Quiz 1: Physical Care