Question 1

Critical thinking is essential to:

Accepted Answer

Critical thinking is essential to decision making. It is also an underlying framework for problem solving, creativity and professional judgment. Critical thinking is a complex cognitive process that involves analysis, synthesis, and evaluating data, or information, to serve as a guide to action.
Strategic management and technology - Shared decision - making

Question 2

What are the phases of the shared decision making process?

Accepted Answer

The phases of the shared decision making process are defining objectives, generation of alternatives, determining the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative, ranking the options, selecting the best alternative, implementation and evaluation of the result.
Strategic management and technology - Shared decision - making

Question 3

Which decision making model is the most expedient and the least time consuming?

Accepted Answer

The Satisficing Model of decision making is the most expedient and the least time consuming. The leader, using this model, makes the decision and selects the solution that will, at least minimally, solve the problem at hand. This Model is indicated when time is of the essence, such as when an urgent situation has arisen.
Strategic management and technology - Shared decision - making

Question 4

Which group decision making style often leads to the group floundering because of the lack of direction?

Accepted Answer

The Laissez-faire group decision making style often leads to the group floundering because of the lack of direction. Laissez-faire leadership is leader less. There is no leader. On the other hand, this kind of decision making is highly effective in organizations that have empowered staff who are committed to common goals and developed enough to be able to work independently in a highly successful manner. All of the other group decision making style have more structure and leadership.
Strategic management and technology - Shared decision - making

Question 5

Which shared decision-making strategy is defined as a creative process where all members of the group contribute without any judgment, critique or discussion?

Accepted Answer

Brainstorming is a shared decision-making strategy that is defined as a creative process where all members of the group contribute without any judgment, critique or discussion. This strategy is very effective for the generation of a lot of ideas and solutions. Divergent thinking, or "out of the box" thinking, rather than convergent thinking, is encouraged because the group supports all ideas without refuting them.
Strategic management and technology - Shared decision - making

Question 6

Porter-O'Grady describes a democratic, dynamic and egalitarian process that demands joint decision making and accountability. What process is this?

Accepted Answer

Porter-O'Grady describes shared governance, or shared decision making, as a democratic, dynamic and egalitarian process that demands joint decision making and accountability. Shared governance is highly effective and empowering. All thoughts from all people are accepted. Magnet Hospitals have shared governance models and practices.
Strategic management and technology - Shared decision - making

Question 7

Which decision making technique utilizes expert panels, surveys and questionnaires?

Accepted Answer

The Delphi technique is the decision making technique utilizes expert panels, surveys and questionnaires. This technique is advantageous, in some situations, because it is not necessary to convene large groups of people because their feedback was obtained remotely. Other methods, like brainstorming, require convening groups of people together in one place at the same time.
Strategic management and technology - Shared decision - making

Question 8

Which theory supports the belief that nursing is too unstable and not responsive enough to adapt to rapid change?

Accepted Answer

Chaos Theory supports the belief that nursing is too unstable and not responsive enough to adapt to rapid change. Begun and White developed this theory in 1995. The premises of this theory have been debunked, however, among Magnet Hospitals. Magnet Hospitals creatively and responsively focus on rapid change to strategically and flexibly improve the quality of patient care. Lewin's and Havelock's theories address planned change and there is no such thing as Order theory.

Question 9

Which theory is a linear approach to change?

Accepted Answer

Lewin's Theory is a linear approach to change. Lewin's Theory, also referred to as Lewin's Forced Field Analysis, describes barriers and facilitators that impact on planned change. For change to occur, it is necessary that the facilitating forces exceed the barrier forces.

Question 10

Change can be viewed as a linear or a nonlinear process. Which theory is a nonlinear approach to change?

Accepted Answer

Learning Organization Theory is a nonlinear approach to change. This theory supports the fact that organizations can be flexible and responsive to the internal and external influences that mandate change within the unpredictable and ever changing healthcare environment. Havelock's and Rogers' theories are linear approaches to change.

Question 11

What are Senge's Five Disciplines of a learning organization?

Accepted Answer

Systems thinking, personal mastery, mental models, shared vision, and team learning are Senge's Five Disciplines of a learning organization. Learning organizations are highly effective and they maximize full potential. Knowledge, persuasion, decisions, implementation and confirmation are components of Rogers' Innovative-Decision process.

Question 12

Which change strategy is correctly paired with its characteristics?

Accepted Answer

The Normative-Reeducative change strategy is based on the premise that changes in attitudes, values and relationships must occur before effective change can occur. This strategy, unlike the other strategies, emphasizes the importance of having all those who will be affected with the change (stakeholders) to be actively involved throughout the process. The Empirical-Rational strategy is based on the belief that individuals will accept the change if it fits their own personal needs and interests. Power-Coercive strategies to change are based on the belief that powerful leaders can order less powerful staff to comply with the change.

Question 13

Which force is an external one that necessitates the need for change in health care environments?

Accepted Answer

New legislation is one of the many external forces that necessitates the need for change in health care environments. These laws may national, state wide and/or specific to a local government. Some examples of these legislative initiatives include HIPAA and the Patient Self Determination Act, among others. Some examples of internal forces that necessitate change in health care environments include low patient satisfaction levels, measures of low efficiency and financial forces.

Question 14

You are implementing a planned change process that follows Lewin's Change Theory. What is the purpose of the unfreezing strategies that you are using?

Accepted Answer

The purpose of the unfreezing process, according to Lewin's Change Theory, is to overcome resistance to change. According to Lewin, staff are informed about the problem and how it can be solved during the unfreezing phase of change. The change agent helps staff understand the need for change and attempts to decrease any resistance to it.

Question 15

Which change theory is most appropriate for low level and low complexity changes?

Accepted Answer

Havelock's Theory is the most appropriate for low level and low complexity changes. Havelock's Six Phases of Planned Change does not require the same extensive exploration of action alternatives as other models do. Rogers' theory is most useful for individual change and Learning Organization Theory is most useful for nonlinear, complex changes.

Question 16

You have been asked to present your medical center's performance improvement strategies to a community group of nursing administrators. Which phase of the presentation process will be the lengthiest and most time consuming?

Accepted Answer

Planning the presentation is the phase of the presentation process that is the lengthiest and most time consuming. Planning is not only a lengthy process, but it is also a complex process that requires the consideration of many factors including the size of the audience and the characteristics of the target audience. Designing visual aids and handouts, practicing the presentation and the actual delivery of the presentation are far less time consuming and lengthy.

Question 17

You have been asked to present your medical center's performance improvement strategies to a community group of nursing administrators. Which of the following things should you consider during the planning phase?

Accepted Answer

You consider the entry level knowledge of the group during the planning phase. Entry level knowledge is defined as the level of knowledge prior to the presentation or learning experience. It is far simpler to determine the entry level knowledge of homogenous, rather than heterogeneous, groups. For example, it is less troublesome to determine the entry level of nursing administrators than to determine it for a group of nurses with varying backgrounds and experiences. You must also consider the goals of the group during the planning process. What does the group want to learn from your presentation?

Question 18

Which of the following is the most popular visual aid that is used during presentations?

Accepted Answer

Power Point is the most popular visual aid that is used during presentations. Power Point slides are highly useful for many reasons. They are relatively inexpensive, easy to prepare, esthetically pleasing when done in the correct manner and they can also be distributed on paper so the learners can use them to record their note.

Question 19

Presentation nervousness and jitters are best prevented with:

Accepted Answer

Presentation nervousness and jitters are best prevented with practice, practice, practice. Always be prepared and practice your presentation until you feel confident. You may also want to use stress management techniques like deep breathing.

Question 20

What should you do if a presentation participant asks you a question that you do not know the answer to?

Accepted Answer

You should admit that you do not know the answer when a participant asks you a question that you know the answer to. You could also tell the participant that you will research the question and get back to them as soon as you know the answer to their question. Nobody knows everything, so do not feel inadequate when you are asked a question that you cannot answer.

Quiz 9: Strategic Management