Question 1

Development
-Alex is 16 months old. When his father drops him off at daycare, he cries for several minutes. Which attachment behavior does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Many older babies and toddlers experience separation anxiety. This occurs when a child experiences fear and anxiety upon being separated from its parents. This occurs in all cultures, and in the United States it occurs in both children who are cared for at home and in children who are cared for by others for some portion of the day.

Question 2

Development
-Clayton is one year old. When he is in a new situation, receives a new toy, or meets new people, he often looks to his mother for an emotional reaction before responding. Which attachment behavior does this describe?

Accepted Answer

By around 10 months old, infants know to look at their parents for cues in handling new situations, a behavior known as social referencing. If Clayton's mother responds comfortably and pleasantly to a new situation, Clayton is also likely to feel comfortable. Conversely, Clayton will likely pick up on tension or fear that his mother experiences.

Question 3

Development
-Amber is 15 months old. She loves her mother, but readily wanders off to explore the house or the park and to play with toys. She prefers her mother to strangers and is easily comforted by her mother when upset. Which type of attachment does this describe?

Accepted Answer

A securely attached child prefers his or her parent to strangers but readily detaches for play and other activities. A securely attached child does not avoid or resist contact with the parent when the parent initiates. A securely attached child is also comforted by contact with the parent, such as holding, hugging or kissing.

Question 4

Development
-Karen is 15 months old. Her mother works very long hours. When Karen's mother picks her up from the babysitter at night, Karen does not run towards her mother. When her mother picks her up, she does not resist, but she also does not prefer her mother to her babysitter or other adults. Which type of attachment does this describe?

Accepted Answer

A detached/avoidant child does not prefer his or her parent to strangers. A detached/avoidant child does not avoid or resist contact with the parent when the parent initiates, but also does not seek contact or comfort such as holding, hugging or kissing.

Question 5

Development
-Julia is 15 months old. Her mother works very long hours. When Julia's mother takes her to daycare in the morning, she screams for long periods of time, but does not seem comforted or happier when her mother returns. Julia does not explore her surroundings much and usually clings to her mother when they are together. Julia also avoids strangers and is not easily comforted by babysitters. Which type of attachment does this describe?

Accepted Answer

A resistant/ambivalent child shows little tendency to explore and exploration is deterred by the presence of strangers. This child is very upset by separation from mother, but is not comforted by being reunited. The child's initiation of contact with mother is unpredictable. Sometimes the child wants to be hugged and cuddled, while at other times the child will avoid contact.

Question 6

Development
-Jim is 15 months old. He often seems dazed, confused or unhappy. His behavior is often contradictory, for example, walking towards his mother while looking away. Which type of attachment does this describe?

Accepted Answer

The disorganized/disoriented child often behaves in a confusing way. The child often seems dazed and their behavior is often contradictory.

Question 7

Development
-Rose is 94 years old. Lately she has become very forgetful and even has a hard time recognizing her family members. She is also easily disoriented and confused in new situations. Which disorder common among elderly does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Alzheimer's disease is a severe form of dementia. Symptoms usually start slowly with memory and concentration problems. Eventually, people with Alzheimer's are unable to remember important life events, recognize loved ones or complete ordinary tasks such as those necessary for self-care.

Question 8

Development
-Daniel is 75 years old. Lately he has felt very sad and hopeless. He has trouble sleeping and no longer enjoys activities. Which disorder common among elderly does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Depression is very common among the elderly. Symptoms of depression include feelings of sadness or hopelessness, trouble sleeping, and loss of interest in activities. Some symptoms of depression, such as sleep disturbances and physical ailments, also occur as part of the normal aging process, and depression is therefore often overlooked among the elderly.

Question 9

Development
-Donna is 75 years old. She exercises every day and sees her doctor regularly. She is also careful about what she eats. What component of successful aging does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining physical health is an important component of successful aging. During old age, individuals often experience the effects of health choices they made while younger, including smoking, diet, and exercise habits. However, the elderly can still make choices to maintain or improve health. Eating well, exercising, avoiding alcohol and tobacco, and seeking appropriate medical care contribute to good health.

Question 10

Development
-Mary is 80 years old. She has slowed down physically, but she enjoys crossword puzzles and reading. What component of successful aging does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Mental activity is an important component of successful aging. Educated adults do not show as much cognitive decline as their less educated peers. However, engaging in cognitively stimulating activities can help all older adults maintain cognitive function.

Question 11

Development
-Carl is 80 years old. He plays bingo on Tuesday mornings, plays poker with his friend occasionally, and visits his daughter and her family on Sunday evenings. What component of successful aging does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Social engagement is an important component of successful aging. Social connections with both friends and family are associated with higher life satisfaction among the elderly. Social engagement is not the same as dependence. For social engagement to benefit elderly individuals, it must be voluntary and mutually enjoyable.

Question 12

Development
-Ed has been retired for nearly 20 years. However, he volunteers at the local elementary school where he reads to children and helps students who struggle with class work. What component of successful aging does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Ed demonstrates positive productivity characteristics. Volunteering is a common way that elders maintain a sense of productivity. Adults who feel productive and view themselves as useful members of society enjoy a more satisfying life and increased longevity.

Question 13

Development
-Sandy is 80 years old. She struggles with many of the physical limitations that her peers experience. However, she feels she lived a long life and she is happy with all that she has. What component of successful aging does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Sandy demonstrates positive life satisfaction characteristics. Life satisfaction typically consists of an individual's perception of their life situation. Health, cognitive ability, relationships with others, and productivity all contribute to life satisfaction.

Question 14

Development
-Ben is four years old. He has a strong sense of right and wrong based on what is punished. He knows it is wrong to lie and to hit other children because he has been punished for these behaviors. According to Kohlberg, Ben is in which stage of moral development?

Accepted Answer

During the preconventional stage, children develop a strong sense of right and wrong based on what is punished. This sense can vary by individual, because different homes punish behavior differently. During this stage, children routinely follow rules, but mainly for their own benefit.

Question 15

Development
-Bella is 12 years old. She is honest with her parents and always asks permission, even when there is a possibility that she will be denied what she wants. According to Kohlberg, Bella is in which stage of moral development?

Accepted Answer

During the conventional stage, children's moral behavior lives up to the standards and values of the family. Moral behaviors can vary depending on the values of the family. Children are often "good" to be good, not for reward or to avoid punishment.

Question 16

Educational Aims and Philosophies
-Alexandra is a new college student. She wants to get good grades and to make the most of her learning. Which strategy can she apply to accomplish her goals?

Accepted Answer

Several strategies can help Alexandra make the most of her learning and earn high grades. Defining her short and long-term goals will help her to understand exactly where she wants to go. Examples of short-term goals include studying five nights a week or reviewing lecture notes prior to class. Specifying the grade she wants to earn in a class is an example of a long-term goal. Additionally, Alexandra can help reach her goals by effectively managing her time. She can do this by keeping a day planner, being mindful of class deadlines, and avoiding procrastination.

Question 17

Educational Aims and Philosophies
-David is working harder to be a critical thinker and to look at information objectively. He is reading an article about a charity event for his school. Which of the following statements represents FACT, rather than opinion?

Accepted Answer

Stating that the event raised $5,000 is a measurable fact. Choice A states an opinion. David may believe that the charity event was successful, but somebody expecting more money or different activities may disagree. Choice C is also incorrect because it uses an absolute term to state an opinion. It may be true that most people who attended the event had fun, but it is also possible that not everybody did.

Question 18

Educational Aims and Philosophies
-At Katie's new job, she finishes her assigned tasks before they are due and successfully manages her work and home responsibilities. Which educational skill is she utilizing?

Accepted Answer

Time management involves the ability to understand how long a task takes and find ways to maximize time. Katie's ability to manage her time wisely allows her to complete tasks before they are due and balance her work with the many responsibilities in her personal life.

Question 19

Educational Aims and Philosophies
-During meetings, Rob jots down everything that is said. He also highlights areas of importance and his own ideas and responses to what is said. After meetings, he is able to review what is said before making important decisions. Which educational skill is he utilizing?

Accepted Answer

In school, note taking during lectures and while reading is extremely important. This skill is also used in most careers. Taking notes during work meetings helps Rob to retain information he may otherwise forget.

Question 20

Educational Aims and Philosophies
-After working very hard, Haley was not accepted into the college she wanted to attend. Although she feels as though she failed, she wants to make the most of this experience. What can she do?

Accepted Answer

Although things did not go the way Haley planned, she can still reach her goals, even if she has to change them a bit. By analyzing what happened, she can examine circumstances that may have led to not being accepted at her first choice for college. By coming up with ways to change, she can make a plan to meet her goal.

Quiz 3: CLEP: Educational Psychology

Development -Alex is 16 months old. When his father drops him off at daycare, he cries for several minutes. Which attachment behavior does this describe?

Development -Clayton is one year old. When he is in a new situation, receives a new toy, or meets new people, he often looks to his mother for an emotional reaction before responding. Which attachment behavior does this describe?

Development -Amber is 15 months old. She loves her mother, but readily wanders off to explore the house or the park and to play with toys. She prefers her mother to strangers and is easily comforted by her mother when upset. Which type of attachment does this describe?

Development -Jim is 15 months old. He often seems dazed, confused or unhappy. His behavior is often contradictory, for example, walking towards his mother while looking away. Which type of attachment does this describe?

Development -Rose is 94 years old. Lately she has become very forgetful and even has a hard time recognizing her family members. She is also easily disoriented and confused in new situations. Which disorder common among elderly does this describe?

Development -Daniel is 75 years old. Lately he has felt very sad and hopeless. He has trouble sleeping and no longer enjoys activities. Which disorder common among elderly does this describe?

Development -Donna is 75 years old. She exercises every day and sees her doctor regularly. She is also careful about what she eats. What component of successful aging does this describe?

Development -Mary is 80 years old. She has slowed down physically, but she enjoys crossword puzzles and reading. What component of successful aging does this describe?

Development -Carl is 80 years old. He plays bingo on Tuesday mornings, plays poker with his friend occasionally, and visits his daughter and her family on Sunday evenings. What component of successful aging does this describe?

Development -Ed has been retired for nearly 20 years. However, he volunteers at the local elementary school where he reads to children and helps students who struggle with class work. What component of successful aging does this describe?

Development -Sandy is 80 years old. She struggles with many of the physical limitations that her peers experience. However, she feels she lived a long life and she is happy with all that she has. What component of successful aging does this describe?

Development -Ben is four years old. He has a strong sense of right and wrong based on what is punished. He knows it is wrong to lie and to hit other children because he has been punished for these behaviors. According to Kohlberg, Ben is in which stage of moral development?

Development -Bella is 12 years old. She is honest with her parents and always asks permission, even when there is a possibility that she will be denied what she wants. According to Kohlberg, Bella is in which stage of moral development?

Educational Aims and Philosophies -Alexandra is a new college student. She wants to get good grades and to make the most of her learning. Which strategy can she apply to accomplish her goals?

Educational Aims and Philosophies -David is working harder to be a critical thinker and to look at information objectively. He is reading an article about a charity event for his school. Which of the following statements represents FACT, rather than opinion?

Educational Aims and Philosophies -At Katie's new job, she finishes her assigned tasks before they are due and successfully manages her work and home responsibilities. Which educational skill is she utilizing?

Educational Aims and Philosophies -After working very hard, Haley was not accepted into the college she wanted to attend. Although she feels as though she failed, she wants to make the most of this experience. What can she do?