Question 1

A community health nurse is working with other professionals to develop preventive programs to address the leading cause of death in men and women. Which measure would be appropriate?

Accepted Answer

The leading cause of death for men and women is heart disease. Therefore, risk reduction for heart disease would be most appropriate. Cancer screening, safety education, and flu vaccine immunization would be appropriate for cancer, the second leading cause of death; unintentional injuries, the third leading cause of death in men; and influenza and pneumonia, the eighth leading cause of death in men and women, respectively.

Question 2

When developing teaching programs for a community of adult men and women, which would the community health nurse establish as a key aspect for this community's ability to follow through with the teaching?

Accepted Answer

Health literacy is a critical aspect of managing health problems and a key to being able to read and understand health information so that individuals can follow through and make appropriate health decisions. Low health literacy also contributes to health disparities, a difference in health status due to sex, race, or ethnicity. Life expectancy is the average number of years an individual member is projected to live. It is a standard measurement unrelated to the ability to follow through with teaching. Financial ability may impact a person's ability to obtain needed services, but it is not a key aspect.

Question 3

When assessing a population for health disparities, which would the nurse least likely evaluate?

Accepted Answer

A health disparity is defined as a difference in health status that occurs by sex, race or ethnicity, education or income, disability, geographic location, or sexual orientation. Age would not be used to assess health disparity.

Question 4

Which statement about life expectancy is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

The gap in life expectancy between women and men was 5 years in 2016. The life expectancy for White Americans is 4.7 years greater than for Black Americans. The life expectancy for Hispanic Americans is 7 years greater than for Black Americans. In the United States, life expectancy continues to increase consistently over time.

Question 5

A community health nurse is working with a grant-funded project to address stroke prevention nationwide. After reviewing statistics related to stroke, which would the nurse identify as having the greatest need for this type of program?

Accepted Answer

The nurse would identify the southeast as the area of greatest need for a stroke-prevention program. The southeast, known as the stroke belt, has stroke death rates for both Blacks and Whites that are higher than in any other part of the country.

Question 6

The nurse educator is aware that the nursing student has a grasp of the major health problems of adults when the nursing student makes which statement?

Accepted Answer

The following statement is true: "Diseases of the heart are the first cause of death in adults." Morbidity and mortality among adults varies substantially by age, gender, and race/ethnicity. Malignant neoplasms, chronic lower respiratory diseases, unintentional injuries, and diabetes mellitus are among the six leading causes of death in adults. Causes of death in adults that are not among the six leading causes of death include suicide, Alzheimer's disease, and homicide.

Question 7

The following is a list of the top five causes of unintentional injuries accounting for the majority of adult deaths due to injury. Order these in their proper sequence from first to fifth.
1) Fire arms
2) Suffocation
3) Motor vehicle crashes
4) Poisoning
5) Falls

Accepted Answer

The top five causes of unintentional injuries include motor vehicle crashes, fire arms, poisoning, falls, and suffocation. Together, these causes account for approximately 80% of all injury deaths.

Question 8

A community health nurse is preparing a presentation about drug use and abuse for a group of adults. Which would the nurse include as the one of the fastest growing forms of drug abuse?

Accepted Answer

Illegal use of prescription drugs is one of the fastest growing forms of drug abuse, and it is becoming a major public health concern. The primary illicit drugs used in the United States, such as cocaine and heroin, have and continue to be a public health problem. Alcohol abuse also is a public health problem and is considered the third leading lifestyle-related cause of death for people living in the United States.

Question 9

After teaching a group of students about the major types of cancer affecting men and women, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the students identify which as the number one cause of cancer deaths among adults?

Accepted Answer

Lung and bronchus cancers are the number one cause of cancer deaths among adults. Colon and rectal cancers are the third most common cancers in adults. Pancreatic and esophageal cancers are less common causes of cancer death.

Question 10

A client presents to the community health clinic with complaints of changes in urination. Which would lead the community health nurse to suspect that the client has benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?

Accepted Answer

The symptoms of BPH vary, but the most common ones involve changes or problems with urination, such as hesitant, interrupted, or weak urinary stream; urgency or leaking of urine; and more frequent urination, especially at night. Dysuria may indicate a urinary tract infection. Hematuria could suggest a variety of problems, such as infection calculi, or cancer. Flank pain may indicate conditions such as pyelonephritis or renal calculi.

Question 11

When developing community health programs targeting adult men, which would the nurse need to integrate into the plan?

Accepted Answer

The current state of men's health involves a lack of quality health education programs for men, health care services that are only accessed half as much by men when compared to women, and a lack of male gender-specific research. In addition, awareness of men's health issues is lacking. Currently, there is no Office on Men's Health in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; legislation to establish such an office has been introduced; however, the bill did not progress out of the congressional subcommittee on health and has not been reintroduced.

Question 12

A community health nurse is reviewing research related to women's health. Which would the nurse use to obtain information about postmenopausal women's health?

Accepted Answer

The nurse would use The Women's Health Initiative. This study was a major 15-year research program addressing the most common causes of death, disability, and poor quality of life in postmenopausal women-CVD, cancer, and osteoporosis. The Women's Health Study evaluated the effects of vitamin E and low-dose aspirin therapy in primary prevention of CVD and cancer in apparently healthy women. The Nurses' Health Study I investigated the potential long-term consequences of the use of oral contraceptives. The Nurses' Health Study II studied oral contraceptives, diet, and lifestyle risk factors in a population younger than the original Nurses' Health Study cohort.

Question 13

While working in a community health clinic, a community health nurse interviews a 24-year-old client. Which would lead the nurse to suspect that the client is binge eating?

Accepted Answer

Binge eating is an eating disorder that is characterized by repeated episodes of uncontrolled eating. It usually starts following significant weight loss from dieting. Typically, individuals with this disorder eat quickly, eat until they are uncomfortably full, eat when they are not hungry, eat large amounts of food alone, have difficulty expressing their feelings, have difficulty controlling impulses and stress, and feel depressed about overeating. Participation in excessive exercise and an exaggerated concern about body shape is usually associated with bulimia. Severe emaciation is associated with anorexia.

Question 14

Which statement by a women's group indicates that they have understood the teaching about heart disease and women?

Accepted Answer

Heart disease is the number one killer of women. One in 2.6 female deaths is from cardiovascular disease, compared to 1 in 30 from breast cancer. Women have atypical symptoms or less acute chest pain than men, often leading them to delay care. Hormone therapy does not reduce coronary events.

Question 15

Which statement about coronary heart disease and stroke is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

Cardiovascular disease kills more women than men. Stroke kills more women than men. Black persons are more likely to have their first stroke earlier than White persons. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease are known. Some are controllable such as lifestyle, and some are uncontrollable such as heredity.

Question 16

A community health nurse working in a local women's health clinic is planning a teaching session for a group of women about menopause. Which would the nurse include in the teaching session?

Accepted Answer

Menopause is a time that marks the permanent cessation of menstrual activity. It usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55 years. However, it can occur as early as age 40. Symptoms of menopause vary among women and last from months to years. They range from hardly noticeable in some women to very severe in others. Natural menopause is when a woman has not had a period in 12 months (no other apparent causes).

Question 17

During a home visit to a family, a community health nurse encourages the mother, aged 42, and grandmother, aged 67, to have a clinical breast examination at which frequency?

Accepted Answer

Clinical breast examinations, performed by a health care provider should be done every year for each of these women. They should also perform breast self-examination every month. The mother at her current age should have a physical examination every 2 years. Both the mother and grandmother should have a pelvic examination and Pap smear done every 3 years after three consecutive negative Pap smears.

Question 18

As part of a health screening program, a community health nurse determines that a client is infected with the human papillomavirus (HPV). The community health nurse encourages the client to take which action?

Accepted Answer

Infection with certain types of human papillomavirus is associated with an increased risk for developing cervical cancer. Pap smears have improved early detection and prevention of cervical cancer dramatically. HPV infection is not associated with breast cancer, so there is no need for a mammography or testing for a breast cancer gene. HPV is not associated with diabetes, so blood glucose testing is not indicated.

Question 19

A nurse is instructing the adult male members of a family on how to perform testicular self-examination. Which information would the nurse include when teaching this group of clients?

Accepted Answer

A testicular self-examination should be performed monthly right after a hot shower or bath. One testicle is examined at a time. One testicle, usually the right one, is normally slightly larger than the other.

Question 20

Which statement best describes the role of the community health nurse in promoting the health of adult men 35 to 65 years of age?

Accepted Answer

The community health nurse can provide anticipatory guidance to men approaching this stage and help them with ways to manage life more successfully. Successfully navigating this stage of life can be fulfilling but may require a man to enhance his self-care skills. This includes having a positive attitude toward aging, one that examines the benefits of maturity, finds a balance between work and home, and maintains a healthy lifestyle by eating balanced meals and obtaining regular exercise.

Quiz 21: Adult Health