Question 1

Which would the community health nurse likely to include when designing a community-based program within the context of a global framework?

Accepted Answer

Community assessment using a global framework includes population demographics, patterns of care, and epidemiologic transitions. Procedures covered by insurance are unlikely to be an immediate focus of such an assessment. Characteristics of individual providers are not considered during the community assessment, though C/PHNs may examine patterns seen in the types or attitudes of health care providers in the community. Though patterns seen in the lived environment or physical spaces of a community may be considered patterns of care, it is less likely to be the primary consideration when developing a program based on a global framework.

Question 2

When applying the Universal Imperatives of Care, which would be the priority?

Accepted Answer

The Universal Imperatives of Care include mortality, morbidity, daily functioning, decision- making, and cost. This paradigm underscores the notion of first things first. That is, one must be alive and well before interventions focus on functioning or decision- making.

Question 3

A nursing student is considering a career in international community health nursing. Which statements are accurate regarding the context of international community health nursing? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The following statements are true: global community health care is complex and is affected by multiple factors relating to geography, history, politics, culture, religion, and economy; the types of services that can be provided include a range from providing clinical services to policy making at an international level; by looking through a computer window, the student is able to see almost anyplace, connect to about any person, and access information about almost any concept; and the ways in which people view nurses and other health care providers are affected by their attitudes toward women, their culture, and belief systems. The statement that people's conceptions of health are static from culture to culture is false. Indeed, people's conceptions of health, wellness, and illness vary from culture to culture.

Question 4

A community health nurse is preparing a presentation for a community group about tuberculosis (TB) and its current epidemic status. Which statements about TB would the nurse highlight in the presentation to most accurately represent the epidemic status of this disease?

Accepted Answer

TB kills approximately 1.5 million people each year. Only 5 to 10 of those infected become ill or can spread the causative organism to others within their lifetime. One third of the world's population is thought to be currently infected by the causative organism (tubercle bacillus). The highest number of deaths occur in Africa.

Question 5

Which statement made by the student nurse would accurately describe the role the public health nurse has in decreasing the adverse effects of environmental hazards?

Accepted Answer

One of the roles of a public health nurses is to assess, correct, control, and prevent factors in the environment that have potential adverse effects.

Question 6

Which factor has resulted in the Era of Chronic Long-Term Health Conditions?

Accepted Answer

Despite the programs of control, many infectious diseases persist. However, populations now survive and also experience chronic, long-term conditions. These conditions affect mortality and morbidity, daily functioning, decision- making, and cost. Thus, the longevity that has resulted from meeting the challenges of the Era of Infectious Diseases compounds the more recent emergence of chronic diseases in many countries. The emergence of multidrug-resistant diseases, continued persistence of infectious disease, and urbanization with deforestation have resulted in new and emerging infectious diseases and conditions.

Question 7

For which illness would the nurse develop a community-wide education program to decrease the rate of a leading cause of death worldwide?

Accepted Answer

The most common illness in the world and a leading cause of mortality is acute respiratory tract infection (ARI). Three million deaths annually are attributed to ARI among children younger than 5 years of age, usually from pneumonia. Tuberculosis is considered epidemic today. Smallpox has been eradicated. Infectious diarrheal disease has been reduced due to oral rehydration therapy and improvements in water and sanitation.

Question 8

A nurse is teaching about the global burden of disease to peers. Which statement indicates that the teaching was effective?

Accepted Answer

Global burden of disease is a calculation of health disparities, which include the disadvantages socially, economically, or environmentally. GDB data are used to generate projections of health into the future, calculating the disability-adjusted life years (DALY). Global burden of disease was not used to create the World Health Organization's budget. The WHO has been engaged to emphasize the impact of disability and death rates of different countries. The impact of public health is calculated using presumed years saved and not life expectancy or longevity of life years.

Question 9

When providing teaching, which statement about tuberculosis (TB) is the most accurate for the nurse to include?

Accepted Answer

TB is an infectious disease caused by the tubercle bacillus and has been commonly referred to as consumption. Overtime, TB has become resistant to the medications used to stop it. TB is a worldwide chronic endemic disease that disproportionately affects poor people in the world and not developed countries but underdeveloped countries. There is a movement to eradicate TB by 2030, but the drug resistance may reverse progress made with the current campaign.

Question 10

A community health nurse is reading a journal article about global health and the development of the WHO initiatives directed as primary health care. Which best describes PHC today in the United States?

Accepted Answer

Due to the initiative of PHC for all by the year 2020, the United States responded with launching the Healthy People initiative with a specific goal to reduce preventable death and injury. The PHC did not produce more insurance cover nor state coverage nor federal health care policies.

Question 11

Which statement about immunization is true?

Accepted Answer

Vaccines are one of the most cost-effective interventions found in public health. The World Health Organization estimates that 3 million more lives could be saved each year with immunizations. Three fourths of the world's children are being reached with essential vaccines. In the United States, only 10% of toddlers are protected against measles, mumps, and rubella via vaccinations.

Question 12

A community health nurse is discussing the different types of global health organizations with a group of nursing students. Which statement made by the group of nursing students summarizes the World Health Organization?

Accepted Answer

The WHO is an intergovernmental agency related to United Nations with dues of member countries and directs and coordinates authority on international health and improves global health. United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF) is a UN agency that promotes maternal and child health. Pan American Health Organization (PAH) is an intergovernmental agency that provides technical and epidemiologic assistance. United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) is a UN agency that assists people informing peaceful and inclusive societies.

Question 13

A community health nurse is preparing to work in a country where Ebola is present. Which action would the nurse need to take first?

Accepted Answer

Ebola disease virus is an infectious disease with repeated outbreaks mainly in Africa. The nurse would need to know that epidemiologic data suggested that the virus has been around much longer and may contribute to population growth and not death, deforestation, and cultural food habits. Cultural burial practices and traditions contributed to the spread of the virus. Hospitals and clinics would be available to assist in Ebola infections.

Question 14

Which statement about the personal and professional perceptions that nurses bring to providing community health nursing interventions within an international context is most accurate?

Accepted Answer

It is critical for community health nurses to face their own beliefs when confronting female circumcision, the use of nonlicensed personnel to carry out medical treatments, and the use of Western interventions used simultaneously with other methods of treatment. Community health nurses are as susceptible as any other group of people to preconceived perceptions and biases. Community health nurses may not be universally opposed to female circumcision, the use of nonlicensed personnel to carry out medical treatments, and the use of Western interventions used simultaneously with other methods of treatment.

Question 15

The community health nurse discusses the mission of the World Health Organization (WHO) with a student nurse. Which statement made by the student nurse demonstrates the correct purpose of the WHO's mission?

Accepted Answer

WHO's mission reflects global health promotion by supporting development efforts of governments, organizations, and universities throughout the world. Collaboration to free the world from poverty reflects the mission of the World Bank. Service as an independent agency for economic and humanitarian assistance describes the mission of the U. S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Representation of global interests and concerns of nurses describes the mission of the International Council of Nurses (ICN).

Question 16

An instructor in community health nursing teaches a group of students about the role of the World Health Organization and global health, reviewing the importance of the Declaration of Alma-Ata. The instructor determines that the students have grasped the importance when they describe it as:

Accepted Answer

The declaration represents the work of 134 nations during a WHO/UNICEF conference in 1978 to achieve primary health care for all. The Carter Center was founded in 1986 and is not related to the work at Alma-Ata. Participatory development activities describe the work of the U. S. Agency for International Development (USAID). Alliance building and communicating best practices describe the Global Health Council, which is a leading private, voluntary, American nongovernmental organization.

Question 17

Which statements about the International Council of Nurses (ICN) are accurate? Select all that apply.

Accepted Answer

The following statements about ICN are accurate: ICN represents the global interests and concerns of the nursing profession; the mission of ICN is to maintain the role of nursing in health care through its global voice; and ICN has, as members, nursing organizations from 130 countries representing 13 million nurses. ICN is a nongovernmental organization. Regional Nursing Advisors are employed at the international level of the World Health Organization.

Question 18

After teaching a class of community health nursing students about the World Health Organization, the instructor determines that the teaching was successful when the class identifies which as the highest governing body?

Accepted Answer

The World Health Assembly is the highest governing body within WHO. WHO Collaborating Centers are networks of centers focusing on specific areas of expertise and carry out the work of the member countries in these areas. The European Union is an organization that provides funding for many projects including health. The U.S. Agency for International Development is an independent bilateral agency of the executive branch that works to enhance long-term and equitable economic growth.

Question 19

A group of students are reviewing for an examination on nongovernmental organizations that provide global interventions. The students demonstrate the need for additional study when they identify which entity as an example?

Accepted Answer

The World Bank is an agency that focuses on economic development. It partners with countries, WHO, and other organizations. It is not a nongovernmental organization. Examples of nongovernmental organizations include Global Health Council, The Center for International Health and Cooperation, CARE, and the Carter Center.

Question 20

A nurse is reviewing the events that occurred on September 11, 2001. Which level would be assigned for this type of emergency according to the WHO Emergency Response Framework (ERF)?

Accepted Answer

The WHO developed the ERF levels for graded emergencies. September 11 for the United States was an emergency that would be leveled as ungraded. The country had experienced two large metropolitan building collapse after airplanes were flown into the buildings. Grade 1 is a single country emergency and requires limited response from the WHO. Grade 2 is a single country or multiple country emergency and requires moderate response. Grade 3 is a single country or multiple country emergency and requires a major or maximal response by WHO.

Quiz 16: Global Health Nursing