Question 1

The constructionist approach is the most common method used to study exercise and sport psychology, and in this approach, considerable emphasis is given to the individual's subjective experience.

Accepted Answer

The constructionist approach emphasizes the individual's subjective experience and interpretation of their experiences in exercise and sport psychology.

Question 2

The recognition of Exercise and Sport Psychology as a formal division within the American Psychological Association was a significant milestone in the professional development of the field.

Accepted Answer

The recognition of Exercise and Sport Psychology as a formal division within the American Psychological Association (APA) marked a significant milestone in the professional development of the field, highlighting its importance and establishing a formal framework for research, practice, and professional standards within psychology.

Question 3

Individual personality plays an unimportant role in the behaviors that individuals exhibit during participation in physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic competition.

Accepted Answer

Individual personality significantly influences motivation, persistence, and the types of activities chosen, affecting behaviors in physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic competition.

Question 4

An individual's behavior can change as a result of influences from the social environment, such as being a member of a recreational sport team.

Accepted Answer

Social environments, including recreational sports teams, can significantly influence an individual's behavior through socialization, peer interactions, and the adoption of group norms and values.

Question 5

There appears to be very specific personality characteristics that predict adherence to a regular physical activity or exercise program.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There appears to be very specific personality...

Question 6

Extrinsic motivation is the predominant factor that causes an individual to engage in behavior because the individual enjoys the process and gains pleasure and satisfaction from that participation.

Accepted Answer

Intrinsic motivation is the predominant factor that causes an individual to engage in behavior because the individual enjoys the process and gains pleasure and satisfaction from that participation, not extrinsic motivation.

Question 7

Self-efficacy has been shown to be an important factor in an individual's choice of activity, effort exerted in those activities, and persistence in the activity when faced with challenges.

Accepted Answer

Self-efficacy, as defined by psychologist Albert Bandura, refers to an individual's belief in their capacity to execute behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments. It influences the choices people make, the effort they put into these endeavors, and their persistence in the face of difficulties or failures.

Question 8

Individuals who are characterized as chronic exercisers have lower perceptions of individual control over their own health, an external locus of causality, and less control over exercise behavior.

Accepted Answer

Chronic exercisers typically have higher perceptions of individual control over their own health, an internal locus of causality, and more control over exercise behavior, as regular exercise often enhances self-efficacy and the belief in one's ability to influence their health outcomes.

Question 9

The promotion of positive outcomes during physical activity, exercise, sport, and athletic competitions will result in a positive emotional response of the individual providing further support for continued participation.

Accepted Answer

Positive outcomes during physical activities and sports often lead to positive emotional responses, such as increased self-esteem and enjoyment, which in turn can motivate individuals to continue participating in these activities.

Question 10

As arousal increases from low to moderate levels, there is a decrease in skill performance, but if arousal continues to increase, there is a point when skill performance becomes unaffected by the level of arousal.

Accepted Answer

According to the Yerkes-Dodson Law, as arousal increases from low to moderate levels, skill performance actually improves, but beyond a certain point, further increases in arousal can lead to a decrease in performance.

Question 11

Exercise has the ability to enhance mental health by reducing anxiety and depression and enhancing psychological well-being.

Accepted Answer

Exercise releases chemicals like endorphins and serotonin that improve your mood, reduce stress, and promote a sense of well-being, thereby positively impacting mental health by reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression.

Question 12

Neither aerobic exercise nor resistance exercise training can reduce depression.

Accepted Answer

Both aerobic exercise and resistance exercise training have been shown to reduce depression.

Question 13

Regular exercise training can improve brain function, particularly in older adults.

Accepted Answer

Regular exercise has been shown to improve cognitive function and can delay the onset of cognitive decline in older adults, partly by increasing blood flow and promoting neuroplasticity in the brain.

Question 14

The best predictor of an individual's behavior is the desire to perform the behavior.

Accepted Answer

The theory of planned behavior suggests that an individual's intention to perform a behavior is the best predictor of whether they will actually perform that behavior. Intention is influenced by three factors: attitude toward the behavior, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control.

Question 15

By effectively promoting adherence, there is a greater likelihood that an individual will discontinue a regular program of physical activity and exercise and thereby not derive the associated health benefits.

Accepted Answer

Effectively promoting adherence to a regular program of physical activity and exercise increases the likelihood that an individual will continue with the program and thereby derive the associated health benefits.

Question 16

Individual personality plays an important role in the behaviors that individuals exhibit during participation in physical activity and exercise.

Accepted Answer

Individual personality influences motivation, preferences, and responses to physical activity and exercise, affecting how individuals approach and maintain these behaviors.

Question 17

Traits are highly variable internal attributes that athletes possess and exhibit.

Accepted Answer

Traits refer to relatively stable and consistent characteristics that individuals possess, but they are not exclusively internal nor highly variable; they include both internal attributes (like personality traits) and can also encompass more observable qualities (like physical abilities).

Question 18

Participation in regular physical activity or exercise programs is associated with positive changes in mental health.

Accepted Answer

Regular physical activity or exercise has been shown to improve mental health by reducing symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, while enhancing mood and overall emotional well-being.

Question 19

Individuals who are chronic exercisers have a greater sense of control over their own health.

Accepted Answer

Chronic exercisers often experience increased self-efficacy and a sense of control over their health due to the positive physical and psychological effects of regular exercise, including improved fitness, mood, and stress reduction.

Question 20

As an individual becomes more proficient at performing a skill, they will have to focus less attention on the skill and can focus more on other aspects of the environment.

Accepted Answer

As an individual becomes more proficient at performing a skill, it becomes more automatic, requiring less conscious attention, allowing them to focus more on other aspects of the environment. This is due to the process of automatization.

Quiz 8: Exercise and Sport Psychology