Question 1

Prevalence is the length of time the disease or injury remains exposed to risk or mitigating factors.

Accepted Answer

Persistence is the length of time the disease or injury remains exposed to risk or mitigating factors.

Question 2

Selection bias is caused by enrolling only certain subjects from a community when broader representation is desired.

Accepted Answer

Selection bias is caused by enrolling only certain subjects from a community when broader representation is desired.

Question 3

A cross-sectional study design is when the relationship between health outcomes and other factors of interest is examined within the population over time.

Accepted Answer

A cross-sectional study design is when the relationship between health outcomes and other factors of interest is examined within a defined population at one particular time.

Question 4

Community-based or clinic-based interventions are based on the presumption that the associations found in epidemiological studies are causal rather than occurring by chance or through some bias.

Accepted Answer

Community-based or clinic-based interventions are based on the presumption that the associations found in epidemiological studies are causal rather than occurring by chance or through some bias.

Question 5

Coherence is the association between a proposed cause and the known biology and natural history of a disease.

Accepted Answer

Coherence is the association between a proposed cause and the known biology and natural history of a disease.

Question 6

Consistency of association is the ability to explain the association between death and disease and a proposed cause.

Accepted Answer

This is the definition for plausibility, not consistency of association.

Question 7

A negatively accelerating dose-response relationship is where larger benefits would occur at higher levels of, for instance, physical activity.

Accepted Answer

A positively accelerating dose-response relationship is where larger benefits would occur at higher levels of, for instance, physical activity.

Question 8

Specificity of association is the requirement that the pattern of reduced risk seen with increasing levels of an agent must remain in the presence and in the absence of other potential causes of the disease.

Accepted Answer

Specificity of association is the requirement that the pattern of reduced risk seen with increasing levels of an agent must remain in the presence and in the absence of other potential causes of the disease.

Question 9

Because animal experiments allow for tight control (and as such, increase the validity of the research) and can confirm mechanisms in the absence of human population studies, this type of research ranks higher on the evidence pyramid.

Accepted Answer

Because animal experiments allow for tight control, they can confirm mechanisms in the absence of human population studies; however, animal and human physiology DO NOT resemble each other. Therefore, this type of research ranks lower on the evidence pyramid.

Question 10

Plausibility is the ability to explain the association between death and disease and a proposed cause.

Accepted Answer

Plausibility is the ability to explain the association between death and disease and a proposed cause.

Question 11

The term that is defined as the ratio of the rate in a population subgroup exposed to an agent that is believed to cause a disease, injury, or death to the rate in a population subgroup not exposed is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term that is defined as the...

Question 12

The term which is defined as a cause-and-effect relationship in which two events are very common and therefore are associated, but not in a causal way is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term which is defined as a...

Question 13

The term that is defined as the requirement that a proposed cause produces similar effects across different conditions is called _____________________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term that is defined as the...

Question 14

The epidemiological triad includes ___________, _____________, and ________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The epidemiological triad includes ___________, _____________, and...

Question 15

The term that is defined as a cause-and effect relationship in which the effect of one exposure on disease risk is modified by the presence of another exposure is called _________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term that is defined as a...

Question 16

The term that is defined as the measure of the number of new cases of disease or injury during a defined period of time, divided by the product of the number of persons monitored during the same time, is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term that is defined as the...

Question 17

The most common form of attributable fraction is the proportion of cases in the population that occurred in a subgroup having the risk factor of interest is called _____________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The most common form of attributable fraction...

Question 18

The study design that compares subjects with the disease with those absent of the disease and for differences between those two groups is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study design that compares subjects with...

Question 19

The study design that follows a group of similar cohorts, who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a particular outcome is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The study design that follows a group...

Question 20

The term that is defined as the requirement that an association is not likely to be explainable by random or chance observation is called ________________________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The term that is defined as the...

Quiz 8: Epidemiological Methods in Sport and Exercise Science

Prevalence is the length of time the disease or injury remains exposed to risk or mitigating factors.

Selection bias is caused by enrolling only certain subjects from a community when broader representation is desired.

A cross-sectional study design is when the relationship between health outcomes and other factors of interest is examined within the population over time.

Community-based or clinic-based interventions are based on the presumption that the associations found in epidemiological studies are causal rather than occurring by chance or through some bias.

Coherence is the association between a proposed cause and the known biology and natural history of a disease.

Consistency of association is the ability to explain the association between death and disease and a proposed cause.

A negatively accelerating dose-response relationship is where larger benefits would occur at higher levels of, for instance, physical activity.

Specificity of association is the requirement that the pattern of reduced risk seen with increasing levels of an agent must remain in the presence and in the absence of other potential causes of the disease.

Because animal experiments allow for tight control (and as such, increase the validity of the research) and can confirm mechanisms in the absence of human population studies, this type of research ranks higher on the evidence pyramid.

Plausibility is the ability to explain the association between death and disease and a proposed cause.

The term that is defined as the ratio of the rate in a population subgroup exposed to an agent that is believed to cause a disease, injury, or death to the rate in a population subgroup not exposed is called ________________________.

The term which is defined as a cause-and-effect relationship in which two events are very common and therefore are associated, but not in a causal way is called ________________________.

The term that is defined as the requirement that a proposed cause produces similar effects across different conditions is called _____________________________________.

The epidemiological triad includes _____, _, and __________.

The term that is defined as a cause-and effect relationship in which the effect of one exposure on disease risk is modified by the presence of another exposure is called _________________________.

The term that is defined as the measure of the number of new cases of disease or injury during a defined period of time, divided by the product of the number of persons monitored during the same time, is called ________________________.

The most common form of attributable fraction is the proportion of cases in the population that occurred in a subgroup having the risk factor of interest is called _____________________.

The study design that compares subjects with the disease with those absent of the disease and for differences between those two groups is called ________________________.

The study design that follows a group of similar cohorts, who differ with respect to certain factors under study, to determine how these factors affect rates of a particular outcome is called ________________________.

The term that is defined as the requirement that an association is not likely to be explainable by random or chance observation is called ________________________.