Question 1

Tests based on Vygotsky's theory that emphasize potential rather than past learning are known as ________ tests.

Accepted Answer

Dynamic tests are based on Vygotsky's theory and focus on learning potential and the process of learning, rather than what has already been learned.

Question 2

In a dynamic test, the difference between the items a child can answer alone and the items the child can answer with help is the child's

Accepted Answer

The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is a concept developed by Soviet psychologist Lev Vygotsky. It refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner. This concept is central to Vygotsky's theory of learning and development, emphasizing the potential for cognitive development through social interaction within the ZPD.

Question 3

A(n) ________ determines how much you could know.

Accepted Answer

Aptitude tests are designed to measure a person's potential to learn or perform well in a given skill or field, thus determining how much they could know.

Question 4

A(n) ________ determines how much you currently know.

Accepted Answer

An achievement test measures your current knowledge or proficiency in a particular subject area, reflecting what you have learned or achieved.

Question 5

Intelligence quotient (IQ) tests focus almost entirely on

Accepted Answer

IQ tests primarily measure a range of academic skills, including math, language, and spatial reasoning, rather than focusing on creativity, self-awareness, or practical knowledge.

Question 6

Esther, a third grader, takes an intelligence test called the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. In the context of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which of the following will be reflected in Esther's IQ scores given by the test?

Accepted Answer

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales primarily measure cognitive abilities that are closely aligned with logical-mathematical intelligence, such as problem-solving and reasoning skills. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences includes a broader range of abilities, but traditional IQ tests like the Stanford-Binet tend to focus on logical, verbal, and some aspects of spatial intelligence, rather than bodily-kinesthetic, naturalistic, or interpersonal intelligences.

Question 7

Finn, a third grader, takes an intelligence test called the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. In the context of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, which of the following will not be reflected in Finn's IQ scores given by the test?

Accepted Answer

The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales primarily measure cognitive abilities such as linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence. Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences includes bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, which involves physical coordination and skill, and this aspect is not assessed by traditional IQ tests like the Stanford-Binet.

Question 8

Yosef agrees with Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. He is likely to believe that

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that traditional IQ tests may not fully capture the broad range of human abilities. A person can excel in areas such as music (as a guitarist) without necessarily having a high traditional IQ, which is what Yosef would believe if he agrees with Gardner's theory.

Question 9

Laura is a dancer and a theater artist. She is also a kindergarten teacher. In the context of Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, Laura is most likely to have high

Accepted Answer

Laura's involvement in dance and theater suggests a high level of bodily-kinesthetic intelligence, as these activities require control over one's bodily motions and the ability to manipulate objects skillfully. Her role as a kindergarten teacher indicates strong interpersonal intelligence, as teaching young children effectively involves understanding and responding to their emotions and needs.

Question 10

Julie is an elementary school teacher who believes in assessing students according to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Which of the following approaches should Julie use when assessing her students?

Accepted Answer

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences suggests that individuals have different kinds of intelligences, including musical, bodily-kinesthetic, linguistic, and logical-mathematical, among others. Therefore, assessing abilities in music, physical abilities, communication, and logic aligns with this theory by evaluating a broad range of intelligences beyond traditional academic skills.

Question 11

Which of the following is one of the elements of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence comprises three elements: analytical, creative, and practical intelligence. The contextual element is related to practical intelligence, which involves adapting to, shaping, and selecting environments.

Question 12

In the context of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence, which of the following elements is the analytic aspect of intelligence, which encompasses information-processing skills and tells people how to solve problems, how to monitor solutions, and how to evaluate the results?

Accepted Answer

The componential element of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence refers to the analytic aspect of intelligence, focusing on information-processing skills, problem-solving strategies, and the evaluation of outcomes.

Question 13

Which of the following elements of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence allows people to compare new information with what they already know and to come up with new ways of putting facts together?

Accepted Answer

The experiential element of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence involves the ability to use past experiences creatively to solve new problems, which includes comparing new information with what is already known and synthesizing facts in novel ways.

Question 14

Which of the following elements of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence determines how people deal with their environment and represents their ability to size up a situation and decide what to do, adapt to it, change it, or get out of it?

Accepted Answer

The contextual element of Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence focuses on how individuals adapt to, shape, or select their environments, which includes evaluating a situation and deciding on a course of action.

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the Sternberg Triarchic Abilities Test (STAT)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is true about...

Question 16

Which of the following is true about the influence of brain development on intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Connectivity between different regions of the brain, particularly between the frontal and parietal lobes, has been linked to aspects of intelligence, including problem-solving and reasoning skills, which are often considered components of nonverbal intelligence.

Question 17

Which of the following is true about the influence of schooling on intelligence?

Accepted Answer

Schooling has been shown to increase tested intelligence, as it provides structured learning and cognitive challenges that can enhance intellectual abilities.

Question 18

The major area of linguistic growth during the school years is in

Accepted Answer

The major area of linguistic growth during the school years is in pragmatics, which involves the use of language in social contexts and the rules that govern its use in communication. This includes understanding and using language appropriately in different situations, understanding indirect requests, jokes, and the nuances of conversation.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the English-immersion approach to teaching English?

Accepted Answer

The English-immersion approach to teaching English involves teaching English as a second language exclusively in English, without using the student's native language for instruction. This method focuses on immersing students in English to facilitate learning.

Question 20

Which of the following is true about bilingual education?

Accepted Answer

It is a system of teaching non-English-speaking children in their native language while they learn English and later switching to all-English instruction.

Quiz 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood