Question 1

A mother tells the community health nurse that her 3-year-old will only eat hot dogs. She asks the nurse how can she get her child to eat a variety of foods. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse give the mother?

Accepted Answer

Intense food preferences can emerge in early childhood. This behaviour is a natural outgrowth of the increased physical capacity to react to taste and textures of foods and a realization that expressing an opinion about food is a way to control the environment. Some families may institute a "take a little taste before you refuse" standard for foods at the preschool age.

Question 2

The prevalance of food allergies in children in Canada continues to increase. At what age do most allergies develop?

Accepted Answer

Food allergies have increased in recent years, affecting up to 7% of children. Research has shown that most allergies develop by age 2 in children.

Question 3

A preschooler and her school-aged brother both have received identical inflatable swim rings as a gift. The brother accidentally took his sister's swim ring. The sister protested that she needed her swim ring to go swimming. Which of the following is being demonstrated by this behaviour by the sister?

Accepted Answer

As they experience symbolic mental representations, preschoolers process mental symbols as though they were actually participating in the event. At this stage, mental abstraction, such as skipping from one part of an operation to another, reversing the operation mentally, or thinking of the whole in relation to the parts, is not feasible.
The behaviour is indicative of concrete thinking. Children can only concentrate on their own perspective. Also, the preschooler is not able to consider more than one factor at a time when solving problems. She knows only that her ring has been taken. She is not able to grasp that the two rings are identical; thus she could easily use her brother's ring, which has been left behind.

Question 4

A mother thinks her 2-year-old child drank drain cleaner. What should the nurse tell the mother to do next?

Accepted Answer

The first thing the mother should do is call the nearest poison control centre. Parents should have the number for the poison control centre handy. Ipecac syrup should also be in the home; however, the poison control center must be contacted before administration of ipecac syrup. Depending on the substance ingested?and especially for caustic agents?it is frequently contraindicated to induce vomiting. Time is of the essence, hence calling the on-call pediatrician and waiting for a response is not appropriate. Neither is passively waiting to see if the child will vomit.

Question 5

Which of the following statements are correct concerning testing of developmental level? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

Screening instruments are not diagnostic tools. The Rourke Baby Record (RBR) is an evidence-informed infant and child health maintenance guide commonly used by nurse practitioners and family doctors and also in the primary care setting. The Looksee Checklist is a developmental screening tool. When a screening tool result is positive or when there are concerning results, the child should be referred for developmental or medical evaluations, or both. Early developmental intervention and early childhood services should also be initiated if necessary.

Question 6

According to the Canadian Paediatric Society, at what age should blood pressure screening begin?

Accepted Answer

The Canadian Paediatric Society recommends that blood pressure should be measured every 1 to 2 years between the ages of 6 and 13.

Question 7

Which of the following initiatives related to childhood nutrition outlined in Canada's Dietary Guidelines was most successful?

Accepted Answer

The target rate of 94% related to household adequate food supplies was surpassed with up to 98% of households found to be "food secure." Children continue to eat too many foods high in fat, obesity rates are increasing, and consumption of fruit and vegetables is low.

Question 8

Which of the following statements concerning hearing in school-aged children is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hearing problems occur with less frequency than do vision problems. Many provinces and territories, but not all, require routine hearing evaluations. Tympanograms measure how well the tympanic membrane vibrates. It is commonly used to diagnose otitis media. Chronic otitis media remains a common cause of hearing deficit in both the preschool and early school-aged years.

Question 9

A child's parents ask the school nurse if there is any help available to help their child develop coping skills. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse provide?

Accepted Answer

The school nurse can offer suggestions that the parent can use to support their child to develop coping skills. Answer C is correct because it involves the parent supporting their child to develop decision making skills and take on responsibility for their decisions. The other answers do not offer help to the parent to support their child's development of effective coping strategies.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is NOT correct concerning adolescent sexual issues?

Accepted Answer

Fantasizing about sexual activities is a normal behaviour for adolescents and does not portend promiscuity. They fantasize about relationships and sex and gradually experiment with dating and a myriad of coital and noncoital physical contacts.
Sexting has been recognized as an increasing occurrence for several years and is a global practice among adolescents and young adults. Sexting refers to sending a text message with sexually explicit content or a sexually explicit picture. Experimenting with same-sex physical intimacy does not necessarily predict future sexual orientation, but feelings associated with the possibility of homosexual identity can give rise to anxiety, mood disorders, and heightened risk for suicide. Anticipatory guidance about the decision to become sexually active, to use contraception, and to obtain protection from STIs needs to be provided before adolescents encounter a situation in which they need this information.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is correct concerning adolescent pregnancies?

Accepted Answer

For the child born to an adolescent mother there is a higher risk of low birth weight. Adolescent pregnancy has a myriad of negative outcomes for both mother and child. For the mother, these include a significant decline in her future prospects, especially educational and economic; single parenthood; reliance on government-sponsored assistance, and poverty.
The overall adolescent birth rate has dropped dramatically by approximately 47% in Canada over the past two decades. However, there are some geographic differences, with the Atlantic provinces showing an increase in birth rates during this period. In addition, Indigenous females are more than three times as likely to be mothers before the age of 20 than non-Indigenous women. Immigrant women (visible minority or not) in Canada have a lower likelihood of being adolescent mothers than native-born women not in a visible minority.

Question 12

Which of the following is the SECOND leading cause of death for adolescents and young adults in Canada, aged 10 to 24 years?

Accepted Answer

Suicide has become the second leading cause of death among individuals aged 10 to 24 years in Canada. A national survey revealed that one in seven (14%) Canadians aged 15?24 had experienced suicidal thoughts. Indigenous youth die by suicide 5 to 6 times more often than non-Indigenous youth.

Quiz 5: Preschool Child, School-Aged Child, and Adolescent