Question 1

Virginia (2;4 years) has recently been diagnosed with childhood dysarthria. This means that she has:

Accepted Answer

Childhood dysarthria is a motor-speech disorder that results from paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of the speech muscles due to damage to the central or peripheral nervous system. It affects the physical production of speech sounds.

Question 2

Owen (4;5 years) pronounces the same word in different ways and can be difficult to understand. Although he has quite a good phonetic inventory, he does not have consistent error patterns in his speech. His prosody is intact, and his imitated productions of words are better than his spontaneous productions. In light of these observations, Owen most likely has:

Accepted Answer

Owen's symptoms suggest an inconsistent speech disorder because he pronounces the same word differently at different times, lacks consistent error patterns, and shows better performance in imitated productions than spontaneous ones. These characteristics differentiate inconsistent speech disorder from phonological or articulation impairments, which typically involve consistent error patterns or difficulties producing specific sounds, respectively. Expressive language impairment primarily affects the use of vocabulary and grammar, not the consistency of speech sounds.

Question 3

Jasper (5;1 years) is monolingual and speaks English. He has a severe phonological disorder (rather than delay). Which of the following productions of the word juice most likely reflects Jasper's production?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Jasper (5;1 years) is monolingual and speaks...

Question 4

Rueben (8;5 years) has difficulty clearly articulating the // in his name. He says [] instead of //. An articulation assessment revealed that Rueben derhotacized /, , /. No other speech production errors were detected. Rueben has no prior history of speech, language or literacy difficulties. In light of these observations Rueben most likely has:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Rueben (8;5 years) has difficulty clearly articulating...

Question 5

Childhood apraxia of speech, is best characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Childhood apraxia of speech is best characterized by inconsistent errors on consonants and vowels in repeated productions of syllables or words, along with syllable segregation and prosodic errors such as stress equalization. This condition involves problems with motor planning or programming of speech movements.

Question 6

Paxton (5;5 years) has inconsistent speech disorder and Jeremy (5;3 years) has childhood apraxia of speech. What speech characteristic would help separate Paxton's type of speech sound disorder from Jeremy's type of speech sound disorder?

Accepted Answer

Paxton's inconsistent speech disorder is characterized by lexical inconsistency but appropriate prosody, distinguishing it from Jeremy's childhood apraxia of speech, which involves both lexical inconsistency and dysprosody.

Question 7

Depending on a child's symptoms, childhood dysarthria may be classified as:

Accepted Answer

Childhood dysarthria can manifest in various forms, including flaccid, spastic, hyperkinetic, hypokinetic, ataxic, or mixed, depending on the underlying neurological condition and the specific symptoms presented by the child.

Question 8

Harry (10;2 years) has moderate flaccid childhood dysarthria. Symptoms you would expect to observe in Harry's speech include:

Accepted Answer

Flaccid dysarthria, a motor speech disorder, often results from nerve damage affecting the muscles used in speech. Symptoms include breathiness, nasalized speech, monopitch, inappropriate loudness (often too soft), and imprecise articulation, which align with the characteristics described in option D.

Question 9

Poppy (9;3 years) has spastic childhood dysarthria. Chloe (9;5 years) has childhood apraxia of speech. In contrast with Chloe, Poppy would most likely have:

Accepted Answer

Poppy, with spastic childhood dysarthria, is likely to have issues with muscle control affecting loudness and pitch, often resulting in a voice that is too soft and low, unlike Chloe, who has childhood apraxia of speech and may struggle more with planning and coordinating speech movements rather than voice quality.

Question 10

The components of the Children and Youth Version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF-CY) (WHO, 2007) include:

Accepted Answer

The correct components of the ICF-CY are Body Function, Body Structure, Activities, Participation, Environmental Factors, and Personal Factors. This classification system is designed to provide a comprehensive framework to understand and categorize the health and disability experiences of children and youth.

Question 11

The Body Structure component of the Children and Youth Version of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF-CY) (WHO, 2007) refers to:

Accepted Answer

The Body Structure component of the ICF-CY refers to anatomical parts of the body, such as organs, limbs, and their components, encompassing a broad perspective beyond just the skeletal system or specific anatomical structures like bones and cartilage.

Question 12

Speech characteristics common for children with cleft lip and palate include:

Accepted Answer

Children with cleft lip and palate often experience hypernasality and abnormal nasal airflow during speech due to the gap in the oral and nasal structures affecting the normal airflow and resonance.

Question 13

Children with cleft lip and palate tend to have compensatory errors in their speech such as:

Accepted Answer

Children with cleft lip and palate often develop compensatory articulation errors due to the inability to build up the necessary pressure for certain sounds. Glottal stop substitution and backing are common compensatory errors as they try to produce sounds that are typically made with more oral pressure, using alternative methods that don't require the same level of velopharyngeal closure.

Question 14

Issues that are thought to complicate the speech difficulties experienced by children with Down syndrome include:

Accepted Answer

Children with Down syndrome often face speech difficulties due to a combination of factors including increased occurrence of otitis media (ear infections), hypotonicity (reduced muscle tone), and anatomical variations in their oral-motor structures. These issues can directly impact their ability to produce speech sounds accurately and consistently.

Question 15

A sensorineural hearing loss is associated with:

Accepted Answer

Sensorineural hearing loss is associated with problems in the inner ear or the auditory nerve, leading to reduced or distorted transmission of sound. This contrasts with conductive hearing loss, which involves the outer or middle ear.

Question 16

The link between speech sound disorders and otitis media with effusion (OME or glue ear) is:

Accepted Answer

Speech sound disorders are often associated with otitis media with effusion (OME), also known as glue ear. OME is a condition in which fluid accumulates in the middle ear, causing hearing loss and potentially leading to speech sound disorders.

Question 17

If a child has Moebius syndrome, the child may also have:

Accepted Answer

The answer of If a child has Moebius syndrome, the...

Question 18

Victor (7;8 years) has high functioning autism and is likely to have:

Accepted Answer

Children with high functioning autism often have poorer prosodic skills compared to their typically developing peers, which affects their intonation, stress, and rhythm in speech.

Question 19

Compared with children with phonological impairment only, children with concomitant language and phonological impairment tend to have:

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compared with children with phonological impairment only,...

Question 20

Santiago (3;2 years) has childhood dysarthria. Carter (3;9 years) has a phonological impairment. With regards to oral structure and function, Santiago is more likely than Carter to have difficulties with:

Accepted Answer

Santiago, with childhood dysarthria, is more likely to have difficulties with oral function due to the nature of dysarthria, which involves muscle weakness and coordination problems affecting speech production. Phonological impairment, as in Carter's case, typically involves difficulties in understanding and implementing the language rules for sound combinations, not oral-motor function.

Quiz 2: Classification, Causes, and Co-Occurrence