Question 1

Sully has a painful experience at the dentist's office. The next time his mother brings him to the dentist's office, Sully gets tense and anxious. Sully's mother takes him to a new dentist, Dr. Theron, who makes sure that Sully's visits are painless. Sully is anxious at first, but after a few visits, he no longer resists going to the new dentist. Sully's change in behavior can probably best be explained in terms of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Extinction is the weakening of a conditioned response in the absence of the unconditioned stimulus.

Question 2

Sully has a painful experience at the dentist's office. The next time his mother brings him to the dentist's office, Sully gets tense and anxious. Sully then does not go to see the dentist for several years. On his next visit, Sully employs a method based on classical conditioning that reduces anxiety by getting himself to associate relaxation with going to the dentist. This is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

Systematic desensitization is a method based on classical conditioning that reduces anxiety by getting the individual to associate deep relaxation with successive visualizations of increasingly anxiety-provoking situations.

Question 3

Mr. Billow knows that the students in his 11 th -grade history class are very friendly with each other and really like to do all of their assignments in groups. Thus, when a student does not bring in his homework completed, Mr. Billow makes him go to the library and work on an independent assignment. Mr. Billow's tactic is an example of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A negative reinforcement is a negative condition that is removed when a behavior is done.

Question 4

In the middle of a difficult exam, Sam tells his teacher that his stomach hurts, and the teacher immediately sends him to the school nurse, who lets Sam lie down and take a nap. Sam's teacher takes notice that on several later occasions when Sam has a difficult test or assignment, Sam again tells the teacher that he doesn't feel well. Each time the teacher sends him to the school nurse without completing his work, and without being penalized. Sam is being:

Accepted Answer

Positive reinforcement leads to the increasing of a desired behavior by adding a positive consequence.

Question 5

Katy has not done well on her spelling tests in the past. In fact, spelling is the only subject that Katy has ever failed. When Katy's third-grade teacher announces that the class will be having their spelling test during lunch, Katy becomes very anxious and begins to feel sick. What is this situation best illustrating?

Accepted Answer

Katy's fear of failure is fueling her uncontrollable response to the spelling test, thus the spelling test has become associated with fear.

Question 6

A behaviorist's research would most likely address which of the following questions?

Accepted Answer

Behaviorism is the view that behavior should be explained by observable experience, not mental processes. Thus, a behaviorist would most likely study the conditions under which certain behaviors are displayed, but would not study children's emotions or motivations.

Question 7

The importance of associative learning is emphasized in which of the following approaches to learning?

Accepted Answer

Both classical conditioning and operant conditioning emphasize associative learning.

Question 8

Which of the following scenarios provides the best example of a mental process?

Accepted Answer

Unlike behaviors, mental processes cannot be observed directly.

Question 9

Of the following scenarios, which is the best example of associative learning?

Accepted Answer

Associative learning occurs when two events are connected. For example, a student associates a pleasant event with learning something in school.

Question 10

Which of the following is the best example of a learned situation?

Accepted Answer

Associative learning occurs when two events are connected. For example, a student associates a pleasant event with learning something in school.

Question 11

Research shows that teaching students strategies as well as self-regulation skills is critical in many academic areas. For students in a high school writing class, which of the following is a strategy?

Accepted Answer

Self-regulation skills include self-monitoring of planning what to write, self-assessment that included how to review and assess the quality of a story, and self-monitoring of revision. "Outlining and creating a thesis statement" are specific writing and composition strategies.

Question 12

What is associative learning? Give one example in a classroom setting.

Accepted Answer

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Question 13

Analyze what behaviorism is and what research would be performed within this paradigm.

Accepted Answer

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Question 14

Identify what a negative reinforcer is.

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Question 15

Identify what a positive reinforcer is.

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Question 16

Define discrimination.

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Question 17

Differentiate between a positive reinforcer and a negative reinforcer.

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Question 18

In classical conditioning, what is extinction? Give one example in a classroom setting.

Accepted Answer

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Question 19

Discuss how one can explain the emotional responses that students have to classroom events using Pavlov's classical conditioning.

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Question 20

What is applied behavior analysis?

Accepted Answer

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Quiz 7: Behavioral and Social Cognitive Approaches