Question 1

Substance abuse is highly correlated with early childhood sexual victimization, mostly among females of color.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Substance abuse is highly correlated with early...

Question 2

The feminist theory of delinquency examines adolescent females' sexual and physical victimization at home and the relationship between these experiences and their crimes.

Accepted Answer

The feminist theory of delinquency indeed focuses on the experiences of adolescent females, particularly examining how their sexual and physical victimization at home can influence their engagement in criminal activities. This perspective emphasizes the role of gender and the specific social experiences of females in understanding their pathways to delinquency.

Question 3

Biological and constitutional explanations of female delinquency focus on biopsychological vulnerability factors related to girls' delinquency.

Accepted Answer

Biological and constitutional explanations of female delinquency often explore how biopsychological vulnerabilities, such as hormonal changes, brain development, and genetic predispositions, can influence behaviors that lead to delinquency in girls.

Question 4

The feminist theory of delinquency argues that girls' victimization and the relationship between that experience and girls' crime are largely ignored.

Accepted Answer

Feminist theory of delinquency highlights that traditional criminology often overlooks the specific experiences and victimization of girls and women, arguing that there is a significant relationship between their experiences of victimization and their involvement in criminal activities.

Question 5

According to Meda Chesney-Lind, a major reason for girls' presence in juvenile court is their parents' insistence on their arrest.

Accepted Answer

Meda Chesney-Lind's research highlights that a significant factor contributing to girls' involvement in the juvenile justice system is the insistence of their parents on their arrest, often for reasons related to controlling their behavior rather than for serious criminal activities.

Question 6

As girls run away from abusive homes characterized by sexual abuse and parental neglect, they are forced into the life of an escaped prisoner.

Accepted Answer

The answer of As girls run away from abusive homes...

Question 7

Upcriming refers to policies, such as "zero tolerance policies,"
which have the effect of increasing the severity of criminal penalties associated with particular offenses, such as minor forms of fighting and school bullying.

Accepted Answer

Upcriming describes the process of implementing policies that elevate the severity of penalties for certain offenses, often turning minor infractions into more serious criminal matters, which is consistent with the effects of "zero tolerance policies" on behaviors like minor fighting and school bullying.

Question 8

Female adolescents are more likely than male adolescents to be involved in heavy, or binge, drinking.

Accepted Answer

Male adolescents are generally more likely than female adolescents to engage in heavy or binge drinking, according to numerous studies on adolescent behavior and substance use.

Question 9

The second Philadelphia cohort study found that females were two and a half times more likely than males to become involved in delinquent acts.

Accepted Answer

The second Philadelphia cohort study actually found that males were more likely than females to become involved in delinquent acts, not the other way around.

Question 10

Several studies have indicated that juvenile males are treated more harshly than females because of their sexual history.

Accepted Answer

Studies have generally indicated that juvenile females are often treated more harshly than males in the justice system due to perceptions and biases related to their sexual history, not the other way around. This phenomenon is part of what is known as the "sexual double standard."

Question 11

Females stay longer in detention and have longer stays in juvenile institutions than males for similar offenses.

Accepted Answer

Females are more likely to be detained and stay longer in juvenile institutions than males for similar offenses due to systemic biases and gendered perceptions of delinquency.

Question 12

Female status offenders, as previously indicated, were more likely than their male counterparts to be confined in juvenile institutions.

Accepted Answer

Historically, female status offenders (juveniles who commit offenses that wouldn't be considered crimes if committed by adults, such as truancy or running away from home) have been more likely than males to be confined in juvenile institutions. This is partly due to societal and systemic biases that often result in different treatment and perceptions of female versus male offenders.

Question 13

Adolescents from middle-class homes don't get into dire situations for economic survival if they run away from abusive environments.

Accepted Answer

Adolescents from middle-class homes can still face dire situations for economic survival if they run away from abusive environments, as they may lack the resources, life skills, or support network necessary to sustain themselves independently.

Question 14

Longitudinal studies usually reveal that delinquent careers do not differ by gender.

Accepted Answer

Longitudinal studies often show that delinquent careers can differ significantly by gender, with differences observed in the types, frequencies, and contexts of delinquent behaviors between males and females.

Question 15

Traditional theories have consistently addressed the life situations of girls on the economic and political margins, because researchers make it a point to examine the situations or talk with these girls personally.

Accepted Answer

Traditional theories often overlooked or inadequately addressed the life situations of girls, especially those on the economic and political margins, due to a lack of focused research and direct engagement with these groups.

Question 16

North Carolina's Research Triangle Institute formed the girls ________ group with the goal of developing a research foundation that will enable communities to make sound decisions about how best to prevent and reduce delinquency and violence by girls.

Accepted Answer

The answer of North Carolina's Research Triangle Institute formed the...

Question 17

Those who support the gender ________ position usually examine social learning, delinquent peer relationships, social bonding, the family, and deterrence and strain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Those who support the gender ________ position...

Question 18

Chesney-Lind developed four ________ on the feminist theory of delinquency.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Chesney-Lind developed four ________ on the feminist...

Question 19

The female theory of ________ addresses childhood victimization and the ways in which discrimination and oppression, based on a juvenile's race or gender, can shape experiences, options, and identity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The female theory of ________ addresses childhood...

Question 20

The latest publication of the Monitoring the Future study indicates that the nation has experienced a "generation history gap"
in people's understanding of the harmful effects of ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The latest publication of the Monitoring the...

Quiz 4: Gender and Juvenile Justice